A Guide to Implementing Inclusive and Accessible Virtual Poster Sessions.

Poster sessions are an integral part of conferences because they facilitate networking opportunities and provide a platform for researchers at every career stage to present and get feedback on their work. In Spring 2020, prompted by the rapid transition of the SABER (Society for the Advancement of Biology Education Research) Summer 2020 meeting to an online format, we designed and implemented a no-cost and accessible, asynchronous, and synchronous virtual poster session. Here, we outlined our goals for hosting an inclusive virtual poster session (VPS), demonstrated how a backward design approach can facilitate effective VPS, and described our rationale for adopting an asynchronous/synchronous model using the Padlet and Zoom platforms. We shared our lessons learned to facilitate a second VPS at the SABER 2021 meeting and to assist future poster session organizers in designing engaging, inclusive, and accessible poster sessions. Virtual poster sessions have great potential to improve collaborations and science communication experiences at scientific conferences and in undergraduate classrooms.

Correction: Long-term fish assemblages of the Ohio River: Altered trophic and life history strategies with hydrologic alterations and land use modifications.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211848.].

Long-term fish assemblages of the Ohio River: Altered trophic and life history strategies with hydrologic alterations and land use modifications.

Long-term monitoring of species assemblages provides a unique opportunity to test hypotheses regarding environmentally induced directional trajectories of freshwater species assemblages. We used 57 years of lockchamber fish rotenone and boat electrofishing survey data (1957-2014) collected by the Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission (ORSANCO) to test for directional trajectories in taxonomy, trophic classifications, and life history strategies of freshwater fish assemblages in the Ohio River Basin. We found significant changes in taxonomic and trophic composition of freshwater fishes in the Ohio River Basin. Annual species richness varied from 31 to 90 species and generally increased with year. Temporal trajectories were present for taxonomic and trophic assemblages. Assemblage structure based on taxonomy was correlated with land use change (decrease in agriculture and increase in forest). Taxonomic assemblage structure was also correlated with altered hydrology variables of increased minimum discharge, decreased fall rate, and increased rise rate. Trophic composition of fish catch correlated with land use change (decrease in agriculture and increase in forest) and altered hydrology. Altered hydrology of increased minimum discharge, increased fall discharge, decreased base flows, and increased number of high pulse events was correlated with increased counts of herbivore-detritivores and decreased counts of piscivores and planktivores. We did not find directional changes in life history composition. We hypothesized a shift occurred from benthic to phytoplankton production throughout the basin that may have decreased secondary production of benthic invertebrates. This may also be responsible for lower trophic position of invertivore and piscivore fishes observed in other studies.

Parasite and host elemental content and parasite effects on host nutrient excretion and metabolic rate.

Ecological stoichiometry uses the mass balance of elements to predict energy and elemental fluxes across different levels of ecological organization. A specific prediction of ecological stoichiometry is the growth rate hypothesis (GRH), which states that organisms with faster growth or reproductive rates will require higher phosphorus content for nucleic acid and protein synthesis. Although parasites are found ubiquitously throughout ecosystems, little is understood about how they affect nutrient imbalances in ecosystems. We (1) tested the GRH by determining the carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) content of parasitic trematodes and their intermediate host, the freshwater snail Elimia livescens, and (2) used this framework to determine the trematode effects on host nutrient excretion and metabolism. Snail and parasite tissues were analyzed for elemental content using a CHN analyzer and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) methods. Ammonium and SRP assays were used to estimate N and P excretion rates. A respirometer was used to calculate individual snail metabolism. Trematode tissues contained lower C:P and N:P (more P per unit C and N) than the snail tissues. Snail gonadal tissues more closely resembled the elemental content of parasite tissues, although P content was 13% higher in the gonad than the trematode tissues. Despite differences in elemental content, N and P excretion rates of snails were not affected by the presence of parasites. Parasitized snails maintained faster metabolic rates than nonparasitized snails. However, the species of parasite did not affect metabolic rate. Together, this elemental imbalance between parasite and host, and the altered metabolic rate of infected snails may lead to broader parasite effects in stream ecosystems.

Field Surveys and Experimental Transmission of Pleurogonius malaclemys (Digenea: Pronocephalidae), an Intestinal Parasite of the Diamondback Terrapin Malaclemys terrapin.

: Life history stages of Pleurogonius malaclemys were investigated in wild populations of the eastern mudsnail ( Ilyanassa obsoleta ) and diamondback terrapin ( Malaclemys terrapin ) in New Jersey, New York, and Rhode Island between 2011 and 2015, and laboratory experiments investigating the settling preference of metacercarial cysts of P. malaclemys were conducted. Cysts of P. malaclemys were found on mudsnails on the north and south shores of Long Island, New York and in Rhode Island, approximately 280 km farther north than previously reported. The cysts were found on mudsnails year round, but cyst prevalence increased during the summer months, reaching maximum levels (∼70%) in November. Nearly 58% of Jamaica Bay, New York mudsnails had cysts; mean intensities were 2.63 cysts/mudsnail. Although cyst prevalence was high, only 11 mudsnails (0.28%) were found to have the internal redial stages of P. malaclemys, the stage of infection preceding external cysts. In addition to mudsnails, P. malaclemys could encyst on other biological substrates, including common terrapin prey species. The majority of wild adult terrapins from Stone Harbor, New Jersey were infected with the adult stage of P. malaclemys (80.30%, x¯ = 36.36 trematodes/terrapin, n = 66). Juvenile terrapins were experimentally infected with P. malaclemys and on average 22.5% of the consumed cysts successfully developed into adult trematodes. Studies on the life cycle of P. malaclemys are important because previous research has shown that the frequency of cysts of P. malaclemys on mudsnails can be used as an indirect measure of terrapin abundance.