RESUMO
Programmed cell death 1 (PDCD1 or PD1) polymorphisms have been inconsistently reported to be associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The aim of this study was to explore whether the PDCD1 polymorphisms confer a susceptibility to SLE and lupus nephritis (LN). We conducted a meta-analysis on the association of PDCD1 polymorphisms with SLE in overall and specific ethnic populations. A total of 15 separate comparisons were included in this meta-analysis consisting of nine Europeans, two Latin Americans, two Africans, one Asian and one unknown participant. In subgroup analysis, the PD1.3A allele was significantly associated with SLE in Latin Americans (OR = 3.073, 95% CI = 1.416-6.461, P = 0.003), but not in patients of European and African decent. The PD1.3A allele was a risk factor for LN in European descendants (OR = 2.207, 95% CI = 1.488-3.467, P < 0.001). The PD1.5C allele was a risk factor for SLE in Europeans (OR = 1.297, 95% CI = 1.024-1.643, P = 0.031). In conclusion, this meta-analysis demonstrated an association of the PD1.3A allele with LN in European and SLE in Latin-American populations. Furthermore, the PD1.5C allele was associated with SLE susceptibility in Europeans.
Assuntos
Antígenos CD/genética , Proteínas Reguladoras de Apoptose/genética , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/genética , Nefrite Lúpica/genética , Alelos , Povo Asiático/genética , População Negra/genética , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Masculino , México , Polimorfismo Genético , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1 , Fatores de Risco , População Branca/genéticaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To compare cellular inflammation in the airways between acute bronchiolitis and asthma. STUDY DESIGN: Using a bronchoalveolar lavage with flexible bronchoscopy procedure, we investigated the cellular constituents of BAL fluid in children with acute exacerbation of asthma (n = 18) and infants with acute bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus (n = 20). These results were compared with those of healthy control subjects (n = 14). RESULTS: Total lavage fluid recovered was similar in all groups. The total cell numbers were highest in the bronchiolitis group. The BAL cellular profile in the asthma group was characterized by a higher median (interquartile range) ratio of eosinophils (2.4% [1.6%-9.5%]; P <.01) than in the bronchiolitis group (0% [0%-0%]) or the control group (0% [0%-0%]). Neutrophil ratio was higher in the bronchiolitis group (40.0% [26.5%-50.0%]; P <.01), with no difference found between the asthma group (3.3% [2.0%-7.9%]) and the control group (2.0% [0.8%-5.5%]). CONCLUSIONS: Asthma and acute bronchiolitis are characterized by an elevated cellular percentage of eosinophils and neutrophils, respectively, in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.