RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a member of the mosquito-borne Flaviviridae family of viruses that causes human encephalitis. Upon infection of a new host, replication of viral RNA involves not only the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), but also host proteins. Host factors involved in JEV replication are not well characterized. RESULTS: We identified Hdj2, a heat-shock protein 40 (Hsp40)/DnaJ homolog, from a mouse brain cDNA library interacting with JEV nonstructural protein 5 (NS5) encoding viral RdRp using yeast two-hybrid system. Specific interaction of Hdj2 with NS5 was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation and colocalization in JEV-infected cells. Overexpression of Hdj2 in JEV-infected cells led to an increase of RNA synthesis, and the virus titer was elevated approximately 4.5- to 10-fold. Knocking down of Hdj2 by siRNA reduced the virus production significantly. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that Hdj2 directly associates with JEV NS5 and facilitates viral replication. This study is the first to demonstrate Hdj2 involved in JEV replication, providing insight into a potential therapeutic target and cell-based vaccine development of JEV infection.
Assuntos
Vírus da Encefalite Japonesa (Espécie) , Encefalite Japonesa/virologia , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP40/metabolismo , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/metabolismo , Replicação Viral/genética , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Vírus da Encefalite Japonesa (Espécie)/genética , Vírus da Encefalite Japonesa (Espécie)/metabolismo , Expressão Gênica , Biblioteca Gênica , Inativação Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP40/química , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP40/genética , Humanos , Imunoprecipitação , Camundongos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , RNA Interferente Pequeno/farmacologia , RNA Viral/biossíntese , RNA Polimerase Dependente de RNA/genética , RNA Polimerase Dependente de RNA/metabolismo , República da Coreia/epidemiologia , Técnicas do Sistema de Duplo-Híbrido , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/química , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/genéticaRESUMO
Allergic reactions and systemic desensitization to corticosteroids have been documented rarely in English language literature. These reactions appear more often when the agent is applied topically and may lead to dangerous complications in patients if administered i.v. Therefore, the safety and efficacy of using an i.v. corticosteroid for desensitization in a patient who has a history of allergy to corticosteroid must be weighed carefully, especially when the aim of its use is to prevent an allergic reaction from a second drug. We report a case of successful systemic hydrocortisone desensitization in a patient with radiocontrast-induced anaphylactoid reaction and corticosteroid allergy. Sensitization to corticosteroids was determined through skin testing. The patient was desensitized to hydrocortisone and premedicated with hydrocortisone and diphenhydramine and subsequently underwent cardiac catheterization with radiocontrast without adverse reaction.
Assuntos
Meios de Contraste/efeitos adversos , Dessensibilização Imunológica/métodos , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas/terapia , Glucocorticoides/administração & dosagem , Glucocorticoides/efeitos adversos , Hidrocortisona/administração & dosagem , Anafilaxia/etiologia , Anafilaxia/prevenção & controle , Cateterismo Cardíaco , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Thimerosal is a preservative commonly used in ophthalmic solutions, otic drops, and vaccines because of its bactericidal property. OBJECTIVE: To report a case of a generalized reaction to thimerosal in a patient who received an influenza vaccine. METHODS: We describe a patient who developed a generalized maculopapular eruption after receiving a thimerosal-containing influenza vaccine. Patch testing was performed to determine if there was an allergy to thimerosal. RESULTS: Patch testing confirmed a T-cell-mediated sensitivity to thimerosal. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians need to be aware that thimerosal is found in many products, including vaccinations. Clinicians should also be aware that allergic reactions occur with exposure to thimerosal even in vaccines. To our knowledge, this is the first case report in the literature of a generalized reaction to thimerosalfrom an influenza vaccine.
