The effect of public policy on high BMI trends of Mexican children: an interrupted time series analysis.

BACKGROUND: Mexico declared an obesity epidemic in 2000, and in response, became an early adopter of public policies in the form of natural experiments, which have not been evaluated for their effect on high BMI. We focus on children younger than 5 years due to the long-term outcomes of childhood obesity. METHODS: We used the Global Burden of Disease data to evaluate time trends in high BMI, defined as being overweight or obese based on the International Obesity Task Force standards, between 1990 and 2019. Marginalisation and poverty estimates from Mexico's Government were used to identify differences in socioeconomic groups. The time variable reflects the introduction of policies between 2006 and 2011. Our hypothesis was that poverty and marginalisation modify the effects of public policies. We tested for the change in prevalence of high BMI over time using Wald-type tests, correcting for the effect of repeated measures. We stratified the sample by gender, marginalisation index, and households under the poverty line. Ethics approval was not required. FINDINGS: Between 1990 and 2019, high BMI in children younger than 5 years increased from 23·5% (95% uncertainty interval 38·6-14·3) to 30·2% (46·0-20·4). After a period of sustained increase to 28·7% (44·8-18·6) in 2005, high BMI decreased to 27·3% (42·4-17·4; p<0·001) in 2011. Afterwards, high BMI increased constantly. We found an average gender gap of 12·2%, with a higher rate in males, in 2006, which remained constant. With respect to marginalisation and poverty, we observed a reduction in high BMI across all strata, except for the uppermost quintile of marginalisation in which high BMI remained flat. INTERPRETATION: The epidemic affected groups across different socioeconomic levels, thus weakening economic explanations for the decrease in high BMI, while gender gaps point to behavioural explanations of consumption. The observed patterns warrant investigation through more granular data and structural models to isolate the effect of the policy from secular trends in the population, including other age groups. FUNDING: Tecnológico de Monterrey Challenge-Based Research Funding Program.

Fortalecimiento de competencias de enfermería en diabetes en el primer nivel de atención / Strengthening of diabetes nursing competencies at the first level of care

México enfrenta retos de salud sin precedentes y es necesario pensar en estrategias que con- tribuyan a su solución con un enfoque hacia el personal de enfermería, que es el recurso humano más numeroso. En este sentido, se desarrolló un programa de capacitación integral, el cual considera un diplomado virtual de 165 horas y componentes semipresenciales para fortalecer el conocimiento en el abordaje integral de diabetes para enfermería en el primer nivel de atención (PNA). Este programa se inscribe dentro de la Estrategia Integral para la Ampliación del Rol de Enfermería (EIARE) en el PNA. La implementación del programa educativo tendrá un pilotaje en el sur del país, donde se consideran el seguimiento y la evaluación para identificar y solventar áreas susceptibles de mejora y buscar su implementación en otros estados. El programa educativo y la EIARE permitirán el desarrollo de una nueva carrera para la enfermería en el PNA y mejoras sustantivas a la salud.

Mexico faces unprecedented health challenges, and it is necessary to think of mindful strategies to solve this, focusing on the nursing workforce, which is the most numerous human resource. In this sense, it was developed a comprehensive training program, which considers a virtual diploma program of 165 hours, and blended-learning components to strengthen knowledge in comprehensive diabetes care to nursing in the primary level of care (PLC). This training program is part of the Estrategia Integral para la Ampliación del Rol de Enfermería (Comprehensive Strategy for Amplifying the Role of Nurses­EIARE, according to its initialism in Spanish]) in PLC. The implementation of the training program will have a pilot in the southern area of Mexico, where monitoring and evaluation are considered to identify and solve areas susceptible to improvement and seek its implementation in other states of Mexico. This training program and the EIARE will allow the development of a new career for nursing in PLC and substantive improvements to health.

Measuring geospatial healthcare access to primary level facilities in Mexico: a GIS-based diagnosis analysis.

To describe a general overview of health services delivery in Mexico and geospatially analyze the current distribution and accessibility of Primary Health Care (PHC) facilities to contribute to new approaches to improve healthcare planning in Mexico. We performed a spatial analysis of official data to analyze current distances from health facilities to population, to determine the underserved areas of health services delivery in three selected states using a ranking of indicators. We estimated service area coverage of PHC facilities with road networks of three Mexican states (Chiapas, Guerrero, and Oaxaca). Our estimations provide an overview of spatial access to healthcare of the Mexican population in Mexico's three most impoverished states. We did not consider social security nor private providers. Geospatial access to health facilities is critical to achieving PHC and adequate coverage. Countries like Mexico must measure this to identify underserved areas with a lack of geospatial access to healthcare to solve it. This type of analysis provides critical information to help decision-makers decide where to build new health facilities to increase effective geospatial access to care and to achieve Universal Health Coverage.

Measuring geospatial healthcare access to primary level facilities in Mexico: a GIS-based diagnosis analysis / Medindo o acesso geoespacial da assistência médica a instalações de nível primário no México: uma análise de diagnóstico baseada em sistemas de informação geográfica

Abstract To describe a general overview of health services delivery in Mexico and geospatially analyze the current distribution and accessibility of Primary Health Care (PHC) facilities to contribute to new approaches to improve healthcare planning in Mexico. We performed a spatial analysis of official data to analyze current distances from health facilities to population, to determine the underserved areas of health services delivery in three selected states using a ranking of indicators. We estimated service area coverage of PHC facilities with road networks of three Mexican states (Chiapas, Guerrero, and Oaxaca). Our estimations provide an overview of spatial access to healthcare of the Mexican population in Mexico's three most impoverished states. We did not consider social security nor private providers. Geospatial access to health facilities is critical to achieving PHC and adequate coverage. Countries like Mexico must measure this to identify underserved areas with a lack of geospatial access to healthcare to solve it. This type of analysis provides critical information to help decision-makers decide where to build new health facilities to increase effective geospatial access to care and to achieve Universal Health Coverage.

Resumo Descrever uma visão geral da prestação de serviços de saúde no México e analisar geoespacialmente a atual distribuição e acessibilidade das unidades de APS para contribuir com novas abordagens para melhorar o planejamento da saúde no México. Realizamos uma análise espacial de dados oficiais para analisar as distâncias atuais das unidades de saúde à população, para determinar as áreas descobertas de prestação de serviços de saúde em 3 estados selecionados usando uma classificação de indicadores. Estimamos a cobertura da área de serviço das unidades de APS com redes viárias de 3 estados do México (Chiapas, Guerrero e Oaxaca). Nossas estimativas fornecem uma visão geral do acesso espacial à saúde da população mexicana nos três estados mais pobres do México. Não consideramos seguridade social nem prestadores privados. O acesso geoespacial às unidades de saúde é fundamental para alcançar a cobertura universal de saúde e uma cobertura eficaz. Países, como o México, devem medir isso para identificar áreas não merecidas com falta de acesso geoespacial à saúde para resolvê-lo. Os governos devem gerar políticas e mecanismos para distribuir efetivamente novas instalações de saúde para aumentar o acesso geoespacial efetivo à saúde, bem como para evitar instalações de saúde não planejadas.

Commentary on a Cochrane Review of Debriefing Interventions for the Prevention of Psychological Trauma in Women After Childbirth.

Childbirth can be a traumatic event for some women, with psychological effects that can be significant and long-lasting. Authors of a Cochrane Review of seven randomized controlled trials concluded that debriefing interventions for women after childbirth are not well-defined in the literature and that not enough evidence exists to conclude that there is a positive or adverse effect from using these interventions.