Allogenic adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells are effective than antibiotics in treating endometritis.

Endometritis is a uterine inflammatory disease that causes reduced livestock fertility, milk production and lifespan leading to significant economic losses to the dairy industry. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) may act as an alternative for inefficacy of antibiotics and rising antibiotic resistance in endometritis. The present study aimed to cure the chronic endometritic buffaloes using allogenic adipose-derived MSCs (AD-MSC). AD-MSCs were isolated from buffalo adipose tissue and characterized by multilineage differentiation as well as MSC-specific markers. The in vivo safety and efficacy were assessed after infusion of AD-MSCs. In safety trial, cells were administered in healthy buffaloes via different routes (IV and IC) followed by examination of clinical and hematological parameters. In efficacy study, AD-MSCs treatments (IV and IC) and antibiotic therapy (ABT) in endometritic buffaloes were comparatively evaluated. AD-MSCs did not induced any immunological reaction in treated buffaloes. PMN count, CRP levels and VDS were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced after AD-MSCs infusions in IV and IC groups and no significant difference was observed in antibiotic group. The IV group was marked with 50% absolute risk reduction in endometritis and 50% live calf births after artificial insemination in comparison with ABT group. Anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL4 and IL10) and anti-microbial peptides (PI3, CATHL4, LCN2 and CST3) expressions were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) upregulated in IV group. The calf delivery rate after the treatments in IV group was higher (50%, 3 calves) than the other groups (IC: 33.3%, 2 calves; ABT: 16.6%, 1 calf). In conclusion, the administration of AD-MSCs through IV route was found to be safe and efficacious for alleviating chronic endometritis in dairy buffaloes.

Allogenic umbilical cord blood-mesenchymal stem cells are more effective than antibiotics in alleviating subclinical mastitis in dairy cows.

Subclinical mastitis is an inflammatory disease that affects the milk production, fertility, and lifespan of animals, leading to significant losses to dairy industry. Antibiotics therapies are resulting in suboptimal benefits in treating subclinical mastitis due to prevalent antibiotic resistance in dairy herds. In a quest to develop alternative therapy, umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs) and its extracellular vesicles (UCB-MSC-EVs) are used, in the present study, to validate its safety and efficacy as potential therapy for treatment of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows with respect to conventional antibiotic therapy (ABT). We isolated, in vitro cultured, and characterized the UCB-MSCs as well as UCB-MSC-EVs. The repeated infusions of low dose MSCs and EVs were delivered in healthy animals for safety analysis, followed by the same administrations in infected animals for therapeutic efficacy analysis. UCB-MSCs and UCB-MSC-EVs were found to be safe at 2 doses with 7-day gap of 5 × 107 cells/injection and EV equivalent to 500 µg protein in DPBS, respectively. Efficacy trials demonstrated significantly decreased somatic cell count to safe levels in milk samples of UCB-MSCs and UCB-MSC-EVs treated groups compared to antibiotic group. The leucocytes expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines, anti-microbial peptides, and angiogenic genes were significantly upregulated in UCB-MSCs and UCB-MSC-EVs treated groups as compared to antibiotic therapy group. Antibiotic therapy and UCB-MSC-EV groups failed to significantly decrease the gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine. In conclusion, the administration of UCB-MSCs and UCB-MSC-EVs through intravenous and local routes was found to be safe and efficacious for alleviating subclinical mastitis in dairy cows.

Electrochemical mineralization of iron-tannate stain on HAp and bovine enamel-A non-peroxide approach.

Prolonged treatments for the destaining of teeth using high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide may cause secondary unwanted effects such as tooth hypersensitivity and gingival irritation. Hence, it is aimed to develop a non-peroxide-based method to oxidize iron-tannate (Fe-TA) stained hydroxyapatite (HAp) and bovine enamel (BE) samples. Constant current electrolysis (CCE) experiments were carried out on Pt working electrode in aqueous NaCl, KCl and KI solutions at discrete concentrations under continuous experiment and a non-continuous experiment. CCE shows that in the presence of iron tannate (Fe-TA) stained HAP, approximately 30 ppm of iodine was generated using 0.1M KI and nearly 40 ppm was produced with 0.2 M KI. By using a non-continuous CCE process, the lowest amount of chlorine was generated from NaCl solution, which was well within the safety limits for oral applications. Depending on the experimental conditions used, between 13 ppm and 124 ppm of chlorine was generated. CCE of Fe-TA stained on HAp using KCl reveals that at the lowest current density of 10 mA/cm2, the amount of hypochlorite generated was 20 ppm on Pt electrode having a surface area of 6 cm2. Ion chromatographic (IC) analysis revealed that non-continuous CCE of Fe-TA-BE in NaCl generated a low concentration of sodium perchlorate (0.8 ppm), whereas the continuous process generated no perchlorate, but a considerable higher quantity of chlorate for Fe-TA-BE (37 ppm) and Fe-TA-HAp (140 ppm) samples.

Anti-hypersensitivity mechanism of action for a dentifrice containing 0.3% triclosan, 2.0% PVM/MA copolymer, 0.243% NaF and specially-designed silica.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the laboratory dentin occlusion efficacy and effects on dentin permeability of a new multi-benefit dentifrice in order to gain insight into the mechanism of action of a novel technology for dentin hypersensitivity relief based on a specially-designed silica and copolymer system. METHODS: Acid-etched human dentin was evaluated with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after treatment with one of the following: (1) a dentifrice containing 0.3% triclosan, 2.0% PVM/MA copolymer, 0.243% sodium fluoride with specially designed silica (Test Dentifrice 1); (2) a dentifrice containing 0.3% triclosan and the same overall silica loading as Test Dentifrice 1 but without copolymer and the specially-designed silica (Placebo Dentifrice); (3) a commercially-available dentifrice containing 0.454% stannous fluoride in a silica base with sodium hexametaphosphate and zinc lactate (Test Dentifrice 2); and (4) a commercially-available non-sensitive dentifrice containing 0.243% sodium fluoride in a silica base (Negative Control Dentifrice). The composition of dentin treated with either Test Dentifrice 1 or Negative Control Dentifrice was analyzed using energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). To highlight dentin occluding efficacy of the specially-designed silica, dentin was treated with Test Dentifrice 1 formulated with fluorescently-tagged specially-designed silica and resulting occlusion followed with CLSM. The dentin occluding abilities of Test Dentifrices 1 and 2 were compared with the Negative Control dentifrice using CLSM after a 4-day cycling model consisting of twice daily dentifrice treatment and four acid challenges. Effects of treatment with Test Dentifrices 1 or 2 on dentin permeability and subsequent resistance of occluding deposits to acid dissolution and dislodgement by pulpal pressure were assessed using hydraulic conductance. RESULTS: Dentin specimens treated with Test Dentifrices 1 and 2 were significantly occluded compared to Placebo Dentifrice and Negative Control Dentifrice when visualized with CLSM. The level of occlusion remaining after challenge with cola was highest for dentin treated with Test Dentifrice 1 in CLSM xz views. Test Dentifrice 1 produced dentin surface deposits and tubule plugs containing silicon in addition to calcium and phosphorus as indicated by ESCA and EDX. CLSM visualization of fluorescently-tagged material confirmed occlusion by the specially-designed silica which was localized at the dentin tubule openings. Imaging of dentin by CLSM after the 4-day cycling model revealed a significantly higher amount of occluded tubules for dentin treated with Test Dentifrice 1 compared to the Negative Control Dentifrice or Test Dentifrice 2. Etched dentin treated with the Test Dentifrice 1 was significantly less permeable compared to that treated with the Negative Control Dentifrice, exhibiting over 80% reduction in dentin permeability. The occlusion provided by the Test Dentifrice 1 was maintained and provided significantly better reduction in permeability after extended pulpal pressure and acid challenge compared to dentin treated with Test Dentifrice 2.