RESUMO
In this study, a novel method for fabricating a high efficiency titanium dioxide photocatalyst is presented. Radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering was employed to grow 3D nano-structured Au thin films using the barrier-layer side of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) as the template. The template was prepared by immersing this side of an AAO film into a 30 wt% phosphoric acid solution to modify the surface of the barrier layer in such a manner that a contrasting surface was obtained. The electrophoretic deposition method was then implemented to uniformly deposit TiO(2) nanoparticles on the 3D nano-structured Au electrode. The efficiency of the proposed photocatalyst, in terms of the photolysis efficiency, was measured using proton-motive-force driving chloroplastmimic photovoltaics. Experiments were carried out to demonstrate the photolysis efficiency of the proposed 3D nano-structured TiO(2) photocatalyst, which showed a 10-fold increase over that of Degussa P25 plane TiO(2). The photocurrent could be further enhanced by the deposition of a sensitized dye, such as N3, which extended the absorption spectrum from the UV range to the visible light range.
RESUMO
Auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) were investigated in an oddball paradigm to verify electrophysiological evidence of music expectation, which is a key component of artistic presentation. The non-target condition consisted of four-chord harmonic chord sequences, while the target condition was manifested by a partially violating third chord and a resolving fourth chord. The results showed that the specific mismatch negativity (MMN) elicited in the resolving chord is as robust as that elicited in the partially violating chord. Moreover, the P3b (P300) elicited in the resolving chord was smaller than the one in the violating chord. Taken together these data indicates that the human brain pre-attentatively may be able to anticipate a subsequent resolving chord when music expectation is generated by a partially violating chord.
