RESUMO
Context: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is chronic, scarring disease of the oral cavity. Cytokines and growth factors produced by inflammatory cells play a major role in its pathogenesis. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) application, which has an anti-inflammatory, was used to determine the improvement in mouth opening. Aims: The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of laser photobiomodulation (PBM) in OSMF treatment. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients who were diagnosed with OSMF after obtaining consent form and ethical clearance were included. LLLT was applied for 4 cycles for 15 s each in the left and right buccal mucosa. Therapy was done on day 0, 3, 7, and 15 and measurements were done immediately after each LLLT application. Patients were recalled after 1, 3, and 6 months from the commencement of the therapy for follow-up measurements. Results: The mean increase in mouth opening following application of LLLT from day 0 to day 15 was 9.91 ± 3.34, and day 1-6 months was 14.29 ± 6.82, which was statistically significant. Conclusions: The study shows significant improvements in the mouth opening of the OSMF patient during treatment and postoperatively. Thus, our study confirms LLLT can be used as one of the modality in OSMF management.
RESUMO
AIM: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the amount of radicular peroxide penetration when various concentrations of carbamide peroxide (CP) bleaching gels (10, 15, and 35%) and a mixture of 30% hydrogen peroxide (HP) with sodium perborate are used for intracoronal bleaching. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty extracted single-rooted premolars from young adults were used. The specimens were then divided into five groups such that teeth with varying sizes were equally distributed in all groups. Group I-distilled water (control group), group II-10% CP, group III-15% CP, group IV-35% CP, and group V-30% HP with sodium perborate. Intermediate restorative material (IRM) was used to seal access cavities and left for a week at 37 °C in an incubator. Following the bleaching process, suspended teeth from plastic tubes containing distilled water were removed and the water was used to determine the amount of peroxide levels. A UV-visible spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 480 nm was used to determine the quantity of peroxide based on the optical density. RESULTS: Results showed the highest peroxide leakage in group V, followed by group IV, and then group III, whereas the least peroxide penetration was found in group II, and the control group or group I showed no penetration. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant difference between the various groups tested. The Mann-Whitney test was done to find in which pair of groups there exists a significant difference. It was found that all the groups when compared among themselves showed a significant difference. CONCLUSION: The present study concluded that lower concentrations of CP 10 and 15% produced lower peroxide leakage. Hence, it could be tried as an alternate to traditional agents in cases with compromised tooth which shows cervical tooth defects where the risk of external root resorption is higher. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The management of discolored teeth involves different techniques; among various techniques, bleaching is considered to be a safe, effective, and relatively noninvasive technique to lighten discolored teeth and it also conserves dental hard tissue.
