Exploring polysaccharide-based bio-adhesive topical film as a potential platform for wound dressing application: A review.

Wound dressings act as a physical barrier between the wound site and the external environment, preventing additional harm; choosing suitable wound dressings is essential for the healing process. Polysaccharide biopolymers have demonstrated encouraging findings and therapeutic prospects in recent decades about wound therapy. Additionally, polysaccharides have bioactive qualities like anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant capabilities that can help the process of healing. Due to their excellent tissue adhesion, swelling, water absorption, bactericidal, and immune-regulating properties, polysaccharide-based bio-adhesive films have recently been investigated as intriguing alternatives in wound management. These films also mimic the structure of the skin and stimulate the regeneration of the skin. This review presented several design standards and functions of suitable bio-adhesive films for the healing of wounds. Additionally, the most recent developments in the use of bio-adhesive films as wound dressings based on polysaccharides, including hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, dextran, alginate, chitosan, cellulose, konjac glucomannan, gellan gum, xanthan gum, pectin, guar gum, heparin, arabinogalactans, carrageen, and tragacanth gum, are thoroughly discussed. Lastly, to create a road map for the function of polysaccharide-based bio-adhesive films in advanced wound care, their clinical performances and future challenges in making bio-adhesive films by three-dimensional bioprinting are summarized.

Emerging Applications of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Acetate Succinate: Different Aspects in Drug Delivery and Its Commercial Potential.

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) has multi-disciplinary applications spanning across the development of drug delivery systems, in 3D printing, and in tissue engineering, etc. HPMCAS helps in maintaining the drug in a super-saturated condition by inhibiting its precipitation, thereby increasing the rate and extent of dissolution in the aqueous media. HPMCAS has several distinctive characteristics, such as being amphiphilic in nature, having an ionization pH, and a succinyl and acetyl substitution ratio, all of which are beneficial while developing formulations. This review provides insights regarding the various types of formulations being developed using HPMCAS, including amorphous solid dispersion (ASD), amorphous nanoparticles, dry coating, and 3D printing, along with their applicability in drug delivery and biomedical fields. Furthermore, HPMCAS, compared with other carbohydrate polymers, shows several benefits in drug delivery, including proficiency in imparting stable ASD with a high dissolution rate, being easily processable, and enhancing bioavailability. The various commercially available formulations, regulatory considerations, and key patents containing the HPMCAS have been discussed in this review.

Role of mucoadhesive agent in ocular delivery of ganciclovir microemulsion: cytotoxicity evaluation in vitro and ex vivo.

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to investigate increase in delivery of drug upon formulation as mucoadhesive microemulsion system and further to investigate possibility of any cytotoxic effects using such formulation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Considering hydrophilic and small molecular nature of the drug, it was attempted to be formulated as microemulsion, by using pseudo ternary phase diagram method. Thus, three types of microemulsions were prepared; oil in water, water in oil type and chitosan-coated microemulsion. These microemulsions were characterized for several physicochemical properties like size, zeta potential, Polydispersity index, and compared for in vitro cell viability and ex vivo corneal irritation study. RESULTS: All three microemulsions were quite stable, transparent and homogenous systems. They showed similar drug release pattern, but highest ex vivo goat corneal permeation was observed with Chitosan coated microemulsion when compared with ganciclovir solution. CONCLUSION: All microemulsions were found to be non-irritant in in vitro cell viability assay and ex vivo corneal irritation study, indicating the potential of using such systems for delivery of drug to eye.

Evolving new-age strategies to transport therapeutics across the blood-brain-barrier.

A basic understanding of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is essential for the novel advancements in targeting drugs specific to the brain. Neoplasm compromising the internal structure of BBB that results in impaired vasculature is called as blood tumor barrier (BTB). Besides, the BBB serves as a chief hindrance to the passage of a drug into the brain parenchyma. The small and hydrophilic drugs majorly display an absence of desired molecular characteristics required to cross the BBB. Furthermore, all classes of biologics have failed in the clinical trials of brain diseases over the past years since these biologics are large molecules that do not cross the BBB. Also, new strategies have been discovered that use the Trojan horse technology with the re-engineered biologics for BBB transport. Thus, this review delivers information about the different grades of tumors (I-IV) i.e. examples of BBB/BTB heterogenicity along with the different mechanisms for transporting the therapeutics into the brain tumors by crossing BBB. This review also provides insights into the emerging approaches of peptide delivery and the non-invasive and brain-specific molecular Trojan horse targeting technologies. Also, the several challenges in the clinical development of BBB penetrating IgG fusion protein have been discussed.