RESUMO
Carpometacarpal boss is a symptomatic bony prominence on the dorsal surface of the wrist at the base of the second and/or third metacarpal. Wedge excision of the carpometacarpal boss is indicated if conservative treatment fails to relieve the symptoms. Complications of wedge resection include symptomatic recurrences and carpometacarpal instability. The purpose of this Technical Note is to describe the technical details of endoscopic resection of carpometacarpal boss and synovectomy of the second carpometacarpal joint. This may reduce the amount of bone and joint resection and risk of carpometacarpal instability.
RESUMO
The posterior tibial tendon functions as a primary stabilizer of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot. Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction accounts for 80% of cases of adult-acquired flatfoot deformity. It is classified into 4 stages based on the function of the tibialis posterior tendon, the reducibility of the deformity, and the condition of the ankle joint. The purpose of this Technical Note is to describe the technical details of endoscopically assisted reconstruction of theposterior tibial tendon for stage 2 posterior tibial tendon dysfunction. It consists of using the medial half of the anterior tibialis tendon as a primary transfer and augmentation by the flexor digitorum longus. This construct is then protected with a subtalar arthroereisis.
RESUMO
PURPOSE: To examine whether smoking, alcohol drinking and other risk factors were associated with non-fatal coronary heart disease (CHD) in Hong Kong Chinese. METHODS: A case control study was carried out with 598 CHD hospital cases (431 men, 167 women) and 1100 community controls (663 men, 437 women). Standardized questionnaires were used and blood lipids were measured using standard methods. RESULTS: Stepwise logistic regression models showed adjusted odds ratios (AOR) of 3.36 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.35 to 4.81] for smoking and 0.32 (95% CI: 0.22 to 0.45) for alcohol drinking in men, and 6.50 (95% CI: 2.61 to 16.19) and 0.15 (95% CI: 0.08 to 0.30), respectively, in women. The OR increased with decreasing levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and increasing levels of triglycerides. No patterns were observed for body mass index (BMI), total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL). The protective effect of drinking was observed for different types of drinks and frequency of drinking, although few drank alcohol more than 3 days per week. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking was a strong risk factor and moderate alcohol drinking was a protective factor for CHD, and low HDL and high triglyceride levels were important risk factors in Hong Kong Chinese.
