Childhood sexual abuse of women in Greenland and its developmental correlates among their children.

OBJECTIVES: The objective was to study the prevalence of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) among the mothers of children in Greenland and its association with the psychosocial adjustment of their children. STUDY DESIGN: The study was based on a 2007-2008 survey of a national sample of children in Greenland designed by researchers at SFI - The Danish National Centre for Social Research in collaboration with the Greenlandic Home Rule. The survey was conducted via telephone interviews with the children's mothers. METHODS: The relationship between the mothers' childhood sexual abuse and their children's psychosocial adjustment was examined using OLS regression. Each mother's CSA was measured by a direct question and the child's psychosocial adjustment was measured by the total difficulties score on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. RESULTS: Thirty-six percent of the mothers reported having been sexually abused as children. The psychosocial adjustment of the children in the sample overall was good, with few children scoring on the upper end of the scale, indicating maladjustment. A strong inverse relationship between the mothers' childhood sexual abuse and the children's adjustment was found after controlling for demographic and socio-economic factors. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, children of mothers who were victims of CSA suffer from greater psychosocial maladjustment than children whose mothers were not victims of CSA.

[Intra- and interobserver variation in capsule endoscopy reviews]. / Intra- og interobservatøroverensstemmelse ved gennemsyn af kapselendoskopifilm.

INTRODUCTION: It is unclear which professional groups can and should perform reviews of capsule endoscopy (CE) exams of the GI tract. We investigate whether a junior doctor or an endoscopy nurse can review CE films with the same diagnostic results as a specialist. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An endoscopy nurse and a junior doctor, both with no CE experience, reviewed 30 CE films twice and noted their findings. A distinction was made between clinically important and non-important findings. An endoscopy specialist and the Given Imaging Review Service reviewed the films once each, and their findings were used as the study's gold standard. Time consumption, intra- and interobserver agreement, sensitivity and specificity were assessed. RESULTS: The junior doctor improved in speed from 1st to 2nd review, but the nurse did not. Both performed poorly compared with Given Imaging Review Service regarding diagnostic accuracy. The junior doctor improved in diagnostic accuracy from 1st to 2nd review, while the nurse did not. The nurse showed a decrease in sensitivity from 1st to 2nd review from 89% to 62%, whereas the junior doctor's sensitivity increased from 48% to 62%. Both missed many pathological findings and their results were not reproducible. CONCLUSION: The nurse and junior doctor did not obtain the same diagnostic results as the gold standard. The results raise questions of whether nurses or junior doctors should perform capsule endoscopy reviews.

The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in the Nordic countries.

BACKGROUND: The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) has been translated into the different Nordic languages between 1996 and 2003. During the past few years, SDQs have been completed for nearly 100,000 children and adolescents in population-based studies as well as in clinical samples. The largest studies have been performed in Norway and Denmark, and in these countries the diagnostic interview DAWBA has also been used in conjunction with the SDQ. AIMS: In addition to a brief overview of past and ongoing SDQ work in Sweden, Finland, Norway, Denmark, and Iceland, we present scale means and standard deviations from selected community studies with comparable age groups, including parental reports for 7, 9 and 11 year-old children and self-reports of 13 and 15 year-olds. CONCLUSIONS: The descriptive statistics suggest that the distributions of SDQ scores are very similar across the Nordic countries. Further collaborative efforts in establishing norms and evaluating the validity of the SDQ as a screening instrument are encouraged.