Global and local ancestry estimation in a captive baboon colony.

The last couple of decades have highlighted the importance of studying hybridization, particularly among primate species, as it allows us to better understand our own evolutionary trajectory. Here, we report on genetic ancestry estimates using dense, full genome data from 881 olive (Papio anubus), yellow (Papio cynocephalus), or olive-yellow crossed captive baboons from the Southwest National Primate Research Center. We calculated global and local ancestry information, imputed low coverage genomes (n = 830) to improve marker quality, and updated the genetic resources of baboons available to assist future studies. We found evidence of historical admixture in some putatively purebred animals and identified errors within the Southwest National Primate Research Center pedigree. We also compared the outputs between two different phasing and imputation pipelines along with two different global ancestry estimation software. There was good agreement between the global ancestry estimation software, with R2 > 0.88, while evidence of phase switch errors increased depending on what phasing and imputation pipeline was used. We also generated updated genetic maps and created a concise set of ancestry informative markers (n = 1,747) to accurately obtain global ancestry estimates.

A comprehensive grassroots model for statewide safety improvement.

BACKGROUND: The Maryland Patient Safety Center (MPSC) a collaboration of the Maryland Hospital Association and Delmarva Foundation for Medical Care, Inc., was designated by the State of Maryland in June 2004. A voluntary, nonregulatory initiative, the MPSC complements the state's regulatory efforts in mandatory reporting and support for performance improvement. PROGRAMS: The MPSC's mission is to bring health care providers together to understand causes of unsafe practices and to put practical, evidence-based improvements in place. Using a multifaceted approach, the MPSC implements its mission through education and training, safety culture collaboratives, adverse-event and near-miss reporting, research, and special projects. Participation in these initiatives is provided at no cost to Maryland providers. Early results show that health care leaders and front-line workers are embracing the MPSC's vision to make Maryland's health care the safest in the nation. More than 2,500 health care providers have participated in the MPSC's programs in its 15 months. Eighty percent of the state's hospitals are taking part in the intensive care unit (ICU) Safety Culture Collaborative, which has already yielded a 36% decrease in catheter-related blood stream infections and a 20% decrease in ventilator-associated pneumonia. A MODEL FOR OTHER STATES: The MPSC's approach can serve as a model for other states to emulate.