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1.
J Nucl Cardiol ; 24(2): 698-707, 2017 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26846369

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: A phantom assembly that simulates the respiratory motion of the heart was used to investigate artifacts and their impact on defect detection. METHODS: SPECT/CT images were acquired for phantoms with and without small and large cardiac defects during normal and deep breathing, and also at four static respiratory phases. Acquisitions were reconstructed with and without AC, and with misalignment of transmission and emission scans. A quantitative analysis was performed to assess artifacts. Two physicians reported on defect presence or absence and their results were evaluated. RESULTS: All large defects were correctly reported. Attenuation reduced uptake in the basal LV walls, increasing FN physicians' reports for small defects. Respiratory motion reduced uptake mainly in the anterior and inferior walls increasing FP and FN reports on images without and with small defects, respectively. Artifacts due to misalignment between CT and SPECT scans in normal breathing phantoms did not influence the physicians' reports. CONCLUSIONS: Attenuation and respiratory motion correction should be applied to reduce artifacts before reporting on small defects in deep breathing conditions. Artifacts due to misalignment between CT and SPECT scans do not affect defect detection in normal breathing when the LV is co-registered in SPECT and CT images prior to AC.


Assuntos
Artefatos , Cardiopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Imagem de Perfusão do Miocárdio/instrumentação , Imagens de Fantasmas , Mecânica Respiratória , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton Único/instrumentação , Desenho de Equipamento , Análise de Falha de Equipamento , Humanos , Aumento da Imagem/métodos , Interpretação de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Movimento (Física) , Imagem de Perfusão do Miocárdio/métodos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton Único/métodos
2.
Phys Med ; 32(4): 533-40, 2016 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27142957

RESUMO

This EFOMP Policy Statement is an amalgamation and an update of the EFOMP Policy Statements No. 2, 4 and 7. It presents guidelines for the roles, responsibilities and status of the medical physicist together with recommended minimum staffing levels. These recommendations take into account the ever-increasing demands for competence, patient safety, specialisation and cost effectiveness of modern healthcare services, the requirements of the European Union Council Directive 2013/59/Euratom laying down the basic safety standards for protection against the dangers arising from exposure to ionising radiation, the European Commission's Radiation Protection Report No. 174: "Guidelines on medical physics expert", as well as the relevant publications of the International Atomic Energy Agency. The provided recommendations on minimum staffing levels are in very good agreement with those provided by both the European Commission and the International Atomic Energy Agency.


Assuntos
Biofísica/organização & administração , Física Médica/organização & administração , Biofísica/normas , Europa (Continente) , Física Médica/normas , Humanos , Admissão e Escalonamento de Pessoal , Políticas , Sociedades Médicas , Recursos Humanos
3.
Phys Med ; 32(1): 1-6, 2016 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26851162

RESUMO

This EFOMP Policy Statement is an update of Policy Statement No. 6 first published in 1994. The present version takes into account the European Union Parliament and Council Directive 2013/55/EU that amends Directive 2005/36/EU on the recognition of professional qualifications and the European Union Council Directive 2013/59/EURATOM laying down the basic safety standards for protection against the dangers arising from exposure to ionising radiation. The European Commission Radiation Protection Report No. 174, Guidelines on Medical Physics Expert and the EFOMP Policy Statement No. 12.1, Recommendations on Medical Physics Education and Training in Europe 2014, are also taken into consideration. The EFOMP National Member Organisations are encouraged to update their Medical Physics registration schemes where these exist or to develop registration schemes taking into account the present version of this EFOMP Policy Statement (Policy Statement No. 6.1"Recommended Guidelines on National Registration Schemes for Medical Physicists").


Assuntos
Física Médica/legislação & jurisprudência , Física Médica/organização & administração , Proteção Radiológica/legislação & jurisprudência , Exposição Ambiental , União Europeia , Guias como Assunto , Modelos Organizacionais , Exposição Ocupacional , Política Pública , Segurança
4.
Phys Med ; 32(1): 7-11, 2016 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26851163

RESUMO

Continuing Professional Development (CPD) is vital to the medical physics profession if it is to embrace the pace of change occurring in medical practice. As CPD is the planned acquisition of knowledge, experience and skills required for professional practice throughout one's working life it promotes excellence and protects the profession and public against incompetence. Furthermore, CPD is a recommended prerequisite of registration schemes (Caruana et al. 2014) and is implied in the Council Directive 2013/59/EURATOM (EU BSS) and the International Basic Safety Standards (BSS). It is to be noted that currently not all national registration schemes require CPD to maintain the registration status necessary to practise medical physics. Such schemes should consider adopting CPD as a prerequisite for renewing registration after a set period of time. This EFOMP Policy Statement, which is an amalgamation and an update of the EFOMP Policy Statements No. 8 and No. 10, presents guidelines for the establishment of national schemes for CPD and activities that should be considered for CPD.


Assuntos
Física Médica/educação , Física Médica/métodos , Currículo , Educação Médica Continuada , União Europeia , Guias como Assunto , Política Pública , Segurança
5.
Phys Med ; 32(11): 1437-1443, 2016 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28327296

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine local DRLs for children and adults undergoing intraoral dental examinations at the intraoral radiology units of the public hospitals in Cyprus. METHODS: Measurements were made on all the twenty intraoral X-ray units of the public hospitals in Cyprus with the intention to establish the local DRLs for all the possible intraoral X-ray examinations for children and adults. All units are film based. The measurements were made by a Dose Area Product (DAP) meter (GAMMEX RMI 841-RD) placed at the surface of the dental unit's X-ray shaping cone (FSD 20cm). A diagnostic radiology dosimeter (Dosimax Plus A) was also placed at an FSD of 100cm to compare the dose reading between the two dosimeters. RESULTS: DRLs were established at the 3rd quartile for 7 exposure settings corresponding to 12 types of teeth (Adult and children mandibular and maxillary incisor, premolar and molar) with values of 197, 163, 128, 102, 81, 65 and 49mGycm-2 and 7.23, 5.94, 4.75, 3.68, 3.10, 2.41 and 1.88mGy for benchmark nominal exposure times of 1000, 800, 640, 500, 400, 320 and 250ms respectively, at a nominal exposure voltage of 70kVp. CONCLUSIONS: The local DRLs of the present study compare well with other similar published DRLs.


Assuntos
Hospitais Públicos , Radiografia Dentária/normas , Adulto , Criança , Chipre , Humanos , Valores de Referência
6.
Phys Med ; 31(3): 201-3, 2015 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25703010

RESUMO

This EFOMP Policy Statement presents an outline on hospital governance and encourages the participation of the Medical Physicist in the hospital governance. It also emphasises how essential it is for Medical Physicists to engage in their hospital's governing board's committees for the overall good of the patient.


Assuntos
Guias como Assunto , Física Médica , Administração Hospitalar , Políticas , Sociedades Médicas , Tomada de Decisões , Europa (Continente) , Conselho Diretor , Formulação de Políticas
7.
J Nucl Cardiol ; 20(4): 609-15, 2013 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23709278

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The diagnostic sensitivity of various SPECT MPI procedures was assessed using a pumping cardiac phantom with variable defects inserted in the myocardial wall of the left ventricle. METHODS AND RESULTS: A diagnostic evaluation of 142 myocardial defects was performed. A diagnosis blinded to prior-known conditions was compared to the known defects severity (transmural, subendocardial) and defects position within the myocardial wall of the left ventricle (apical, anterior, inferior) for three body types (average male, large male, large female). Non-attenuation corrected, attenuation corrected and gated SPECT MPI were performed. The diagnostic sensitivity was improved when applying attenuation correction or gating techniques to identify subendocardial defects in the inferior, anterior and apical segments of the myocardial wall of the left ventricle for all three body types. Transmural defects could be identified without any attenuation correction or gating. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic sensitivity was improved when applying AC or GSPECT techniques.


Assuntos
Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico por imagem , Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Imagem de Perfusão do Miocárdio/métodos , Miocárdio/patologia , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton Único/métodos , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Artefatos , Diástole , Desenho de Equipamento , Feminino , Ventrículos do Coração/anormalidades , Ventrículos do Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Imagens de Fantasmas , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Sístole , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X
9.
Phys Med ; 29(2): 139-62, 2013 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22818099

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To provide a guideline curriculum covering theoretical and practical aspects of education and training for Medical Physicists in Nuclear Medicine within Europe. MATERIAL AND METHODS: National training programmes of Medical Physics, Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine physics from a range of European countries and from North America were reviewed and elements of best practice identified. An independent panel of experts was used to achieve consensus regarding the content of the curriculum. RESULTS: Guidelines have been developed for the specialist theoretical knowledge and practical experience required to practice as a Medical Physicist in Nuclear Medicine in Europe. It is assumed that the precondition for the beginning of the training is a good initial degree in Medical Physics at master level (or equivalent). The Learning Outcomes are categorised using the Knowledge, Skill and Competence approach along the lines recommended by the European Qualifications Framework. The minimum level expected in each topic in the theoretical knowledge and practical experience sections is intended to bring trainees up to the requirements expected of a Medical Physicist entering the field of Nuclear Medicine. CONCLUSIONS: This new joint EANM/EFOMP European guideline curriculum is a further step to harmonise specialist training of Medical Physicists in Nuclear Medicine within Europe. It provides a common framework for national Medical Physics societies to develop or benchmark their own curricula. The responsibility for the implementation and accreditation of these standards and guidelines resides within national training and regulatory bodies.


Assuntos
Agências Internacionais , Medicina Nuclear/educação , Física/educação , Radiometria , Sociedades Científicas , Equipamentos e Provisões , Europa (Continente) , Pessoal de Saúde/educação , Humanos , Invenções/economia , Medicina Nuclear/economia , Saúde Ocupacional/economia , Saúde Ocupacional/educação , Segurança do Paciente/economia , Física/economia , Gestão de Riscos
10.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 153(2): 150-4, 2013 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23173218

RESUMO

The EC (European Commission) Directive on radiation protection of patients requires that Criteria for Acceptability of Equipment in Diagnostic Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy be established throughout the member states. This paper reviews the background to this requirement and to its implementation in practice. It notes parallel requirements in the EC medical devices directive and International Electrotechnical Commission standards. It is also important to be aware and that both sets of requirements should ideally be harmonised due to the global nature of the equipment industry. The paper further reviews the type of criteria that can be well applied for the above purposes, and defines qualitative criteria and suspension levels suitable for application. Both are defined and relationships with other acceptance processes are considered (including acceptance testing at the time of purchase, commissioning and the issue of second-hand equipment). Suspension levels are divided into four types, A, B, C and D, depending on the quality of evidence and consensus on which they are based. Exceptional situations involving, for example, new or rapidly evolving technology are also considered. The publication and paper focuses on the role of the holder of the equipment and related staff, particularly the medical physics expert and the practitioner. Advice on how the criteria should be created and implemented and how this might be coordinated with the supplier is provided for these groups. Additional advice on the role of the regulator is provided.


Assuntos
Diagnóstico por Imagem/normas , Medicina Nuclear/normas , Radiologia/normas , Radioterapia/normas , Diagnóstico por Imagem/métodos , Europa (Continente) , Humanos , Medicina Nuclear/métodos , Lesões por Radiação/prevenção & controle , Proteção Radiológica/métodos , Radiologia/métodos , Radioterapia/métodos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes
11.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 153(2): 161-5, 2013 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23175644

RESUMO

In 2007, the European Commission (EC) commissioned a group of experts to undertake the revision of Report Radiation Protection (RP) 91, written in 1997, on 'Criteria for acceptability of radiological (including radiotherapy) and nuclear medicine installations'. The revised draft report was submitted to the EC. Before publication, the EC issued this document for public consultation and has commissioned the same group of experts to consider the comments of the public consultation in further improving the revised report. The EC intends to publish the final report under its Radiation Report Series with the number RP 162. This paper introduces the project and presents the methodology adopted to devise the criteria of acceptability/suspension levels for nuclear medicine equipment.


Assuntos
Medicina Nuclear/normas , Proteção Radiológica/métodos , Europa (Continente) , Humanos , Medicina Nuclear/métodos , Segurança do Paciente , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons/métodos , Controle de Qualidade , Proteção Radiológica/normas , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos/farmacologia , Radiocirurgia/métodos , Radiocirurgia/normas
12.
Phys Med ; 25(4): 161-5, 2009 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19059797

RESUMO

This EFOMP Policy Statement outlines the way in which a Safety and Quality Management System can be developed for Medical Physics Departments. The Policy Statement can help Medical Physicists to eliminate or at least minimize accidents or incidences due to improper use or application of medical technology on one hand and on the other to guarantee a safe, effective and efficient usage of new highly complicated and sophisticated technologies and procedures.


Assuntos
Física Médica , Departamentos Hospitalares , Garantia da Qualidade dos Cuidados de Saúde , Segurança , Europa (Continente) , Física Médica/normas , Departamentos Hospitalares/normas , Humanos
13.
J Environ Radioact ; 70(3): 223-35, 2003.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12957552

RESUMO

The gamma radiation in samples of a variety of natural tiling rocks (granites) imported in Cyprus for use in the building industry was measured, employing high-resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy. The rock samples were pulverised, sealed in 1-l plastic Marinelli beakers, and measured in the laboratory with an accumulating time between 10 and 14 h each. From the measured gamma-ray spectra, activity concentrations were determined for (232)Th (range from 1 to 906 Bq kg(-1)), (238)U (from 1 to 588 Bq kg(-1)) and (40)K (from 50 to 1606 Bq kg(-1)). The total absorbed dose rates in air calculated from the concentrations of the three radionuclides ranged from 7 to 1209 nGy h(-1) for full utilization of the materials, from 4 to 605 nGy h(-1) for half utilization and from 2 to 302 nGy h(-1) for one quarter utilization. The total effective dose rates per person indoors were determined to be between 0.02 and 2.97 mSv y(-1) for half utilization of the materials. Applying dose criteria recently recommended by the EU for superficial materials, 25 of the samples meet the exemption dose limit of 0.3 mSv y(-1), two of them meet the upper dose limit of 1 mSv y(-1) and only one clearly exceeds this limit.


Assuntos
Materiais de Construção , Exposição Ambiental , Raios gama , Dióxido de Silício , Teste de Materiais , Radioisótopos/análise , Valores de Referência , Segurança
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