Macrophage polarization in calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis:unraveling its role and influencing factors / 中国病理生理杂志

The most prevalent kind of renal calculi,calcium oxalate(CaOx),is characterized by its propensi-ty for recurrence in the urinary system.The development of CaOx renal calculi is greatly affected by macrophage polariza-tion.Particular oxalate causes an imbalance in macrophage polarization,which skews the M1/M2 ratio and makes it easier for CaOx crystals to accumulate in the kidneys and grow into calcium plaques in the renal papilla.Notably,M2 macro-phages can prevent CaOx renal calculi by consuming crystals and reducing inflammatory stress.As a result,immunothera-peutic techniques that alter M1 and M2 macrophage polarization are extremely promising for preventing CaOx renal calcu-li.To clarify the respective roles of M1 and M2 macrophages in the formation of CaOx crystals and provide insights for de-veloping immunotherapeutic interventions against CaOx renal calculi,this review summarizes the mechanisms underlying macrophage polarization in the genesis of CaOx renal calculi.

Clinical observation of the effect of thymosin combined with biapenem in the treatment of severe lower respiratory tract infection of gram negative bacilli / 中国基层医药

Objective To evaluate the effect and safety of thymosin combined with biapenem in the treatment of severe lower respiratory tract infection of gram negative bacilli.Methods 54 patients with severe lower respiratory tract infection of gram negative bacilli were randomly divided into study group (group A) and control group (group B),group A was treated with thymosin and biapenem,group B biapenem.All patients were treated for 7 ～ 14 days in a course.The clinical effect,treatment time of biapenem,the bacterial clearance rate and adverse drug reaction betweeen two groups were compared.Results The clinical effective rate of group A and B were 84.6％ and 82.1％,respectively,there was no statistical difference (P ＞ 0.05).Treatment time of biapenem in group A and B was (8.2 ±3.4) days and (13.2 ± 3.6) days,respectively,there was statistical difference (P ＜ 0.05).The bacterial clearance rate of group A and B were 86.7％ and 80.7％,respectively,there was no statistical difference between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The treatment time of thymosin combined with biapenem treatment of gram-negative bacilli severe respiratory tract infection was shorter than that of biapenem alone treatment,and it was safe,effective,and worthy of ciinical application.