Individual and Obstetric Risk Factors of Preeclampsia among Singleton Pregnancy in Hospitals of Southern Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia is the second most common problem that causes maternal morbidity and complication in low-income countries. In contrast to death due to other direct causes, preeclampsia-related death is appeared to be connected with multiple factors; yet, factors have paucity and are limited. Considering the clinical significance, this study aimed to identify that individual and obstetric factors of preeclampsia can be an input for disease identification involving clinicians in southern Ethiopia. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted among mothers with a singleton pregnancy who attended perinatal care in all six public hospitals in the provinces around the Omo stream. A sample size of 487 women with a singleton pregnancy (163 cases and 326 controls) was involved in the study. All cases were enrolled, while controls were selected consecutively using a random sampling technique. Data were gathered using a structured questionnaire and data extraction sheet. Descriptive data were presented using percentages and numbers. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify factors at a p value of less than 0.05. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant association between the family history of hypertension (AOR = 2.42, 95% CI: 1.16-5.05), no pregnancy interval (AOR = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.03-2.55), and normal body mass index (AOR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.21-0.87) and the occurrence of preeclampsia. CONCLUSION: Primary relatives with a history of chronic hypertension and no pregnancy interval were identified as risk factors of preeclampsia, while having a normal body mass index was found to be a protective factor of preeclampsia occurrence. To improve early detection and timely management of preeclampsia, the clinician should give attention to women who have no previous childbirth and whose close relatives had a history of chronic hypertension, as well as working on the protective factor is recommended.

Determinants of pre-eclampsia among pregnant women attending perinatal care in hospitals of the Omo district, Southern Ethiopia.

Pre-eclampsia is estimated to cause 70 000 maternal death globally every year, with the majority of deaths in low- and middle-income countries. In Ethiopia, pre-eclampsia causes 16% of direct maternal deaths. Despite the high burden of disease, pre-eclampsia remains poorly studied in low and middle-income countries. In this study, we aimed to identify risk factors for pre-eclampsia in pregnant women attending hospitals in the Omo district of Southern Ethiopia. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews. Logistic regression analysis was computed to examine the relationship between the independent variable and pre-eclampsia. An adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) excluding 1 in the multivariable analysis was considered to identify factors associated with pre-eclampsia at a p-value of <0.05. A total of 167 cases and 352 controls were included. Factors that were found to have a statistically significant association with pre-eclampsia were primary relatives who had a history of chronic hypertension (AOR 2.1, 95% CI: 1.06-4.21), family history of diabetes mellitus (AOR 2.35; 95% CI: 1.07-5.20), preterm gestation (AOR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.05-2.32), and pre-conception smoking exposure (AOR = 4.16, 95% CI: 1.1-15.4). The study identified that a family history of chronic illnesses and diabetes mellitus, preterm gestation, and smoking exposure before conception were the risk factors for pre-eclampsia. Presumably, addressing the identified risk factors may give further insight into where interventions and resources should be focused, as well as having an understanding of the burden of disease.

Family history of chronic illness, preterm gestational age and smoking exposure before pregnancy increases the probability of preeclampsia in Omo district in southern Ethiopia: a case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia is a complex syndrome that is considered a disorder specific to pregnancy. However, research indicates that diffuse maternal endothelial damage may persist after childbirth. On the other hand, women who had a history of pre-eclampsia are at an increased risk of vascular disease. Considering that the multifactorial nature of pre-eclampsia in a remote health setting, knowledge of risk factors of preeclampsia gives epidemiological significance specific to the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the determinants of preeclampsia among pregnant women attending perinatal service in Omo district Hospitals in southern Ethiopia. METHODS: An institution-based unmatched case-control study design was conducted among women visiting for perinatal service in Omo District public hospitals between February to August 2018. A total of 167 cases and 352 controls were included. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were computed to examine the effect of the independent variable on preeclampsia using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 26 window compatible software. Variables with a p-value of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Factors that were found to have a statistically significant association with pre-eclampsia were primary relatives who had history of chronic hypertension (AOR 2.1, 95% CI: 1.06-4.21), family history of diabetes mellitus (AOR 2.35; 95% CI: 1.07-5.20), preterm gestation(AOR = 1.56, 95%CI, 1.05-2.32), and pre-conception smoking exposure (AOR = 4.16, 95%CI, 1.1-15.4). CONCLUSIONS: The study identified the risk factors for pre-eclampsia. Early detection and timely intervention to manage pre-eclampsia, and obstetric care providers need to emphasize women at preterm gestation and a history of smoking before pregnancy.

Seroprevalence and Predictors of Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Pregnant Women Attending Routine Antenatal Care in Arba Minch Hospital, South Ethiopia.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a serious cause of liver disease affecting millions of people throughout the world. When HBV is acquired during pregnancy, prenatal transmission can occur to the fetus. Therefore, this study is aimed at estimating seroprevalence and associated factors of HBV infection among pregnant women attending Antenatal Clinic (ANC) of Arba Minch Hospital, Southern Ethiopia. A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted on 232 pregnant women visiting ANC from February to April, 2015. Data regarding sociodemographic and associated factors were gathered using questionnaire. Serum samples were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. The overall seroprevalence of HBV infection was 4.3% (95% CI: 2.2-6.9%). Multivariate analysis showed that history of abortion (AOR = 7.775; 95% CI: 1.538-39.301) and having multiple sexual partners (AOR = 7.189; 95% CI: 1.039-49.755) were independent predictors of HBsAg seropositivity. In conclusion, the prevalence of HBV infection is intermediate. Therefore, screening HBV infection should be routine part of ANC; health information on having single sexual partner for women of childbearing age and on following aseptic techniques during abortion should be provided to health facilities working on abortion.