Adaptive electro-optic equalization in low-power coherent-lite interconnects.

In this paper, we propose an adaptive electro-optic equalizer for short-reach interconnects employing coherent modulation and detection. The equalizer consists of two main components: an optical equalizer filter and an electronic controller. The equalizer filter compensates for the linear dispersion occurring in the channel, while the electronic controller adaptively determines the weight coefficients of the equalizer. To achieve adaptive adjustment, we have introduced a random search algorithm. Extensive simulations have been conducted to evaluate the performance of the equalizer in a 120 Gbaud homodyne coherent link, and the results show great promise. The proposed equalizer has the potential to greatly improve the overall power efficiencies of receivers in short-reach coherent-lite interconnects.

100 Gbps PAM4 ultra-thin photodetectors integrated on SOI platform by micro transfer printing.

The integration of compact high-bandwidth III-V active devices in a scalable manner is highly significant for Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) photonic integrated circuits. To address this, we demonstrate the integration of pre-fabricated 21 × 57 µm2 InGaAs photodetector (PD) coupons with a thickness of 675 nm to a 500 nm SOI platform using a direct bonding micro-transfer printing process. The common devices are coupled to the Si waveguides via butt, grating and evanescent coupling schemes with responsivities of 0.13, 0.3 and 0.6 A/W respectively, in line with simulations. The thin device facilitates simplified high-speed connections without the need for an interlayer dielectric. A back-to-back data communication rate of 50 Gb/s is achieved with on-off keying and with post processing of four-level pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM4) 100 Gb/s is realized. Potentially, around 1 million devices per 75 mm InP wafer can be attained. The integration of compact PDs exhibited in this work can be extended to modulators and lasers in the future.

Design and Synthesis of Bovine Leukemia Virus-Associated Peptide-Based Qß Conjugate Eliciting Long-Lasting Neutralizing Antibodies in Mice.

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a C-type retrovirus of cattle that causes huge economic losses with high infection rates in the majority of countries worldwide. To develop an anti-BLV vaccine, we constructed a peptide conjugate using the envelope glycoprotein gp51-peptide epitope, a putative receptor-binding site. This highly antigenic peptide was covalently linked to a mutant bacteriophage carrier (mQß) using two different linker strategies, isothiocyanate (NCS) and dinitrophenyl adipate. Both constructs elicited higher anti-BLV peptide IgG titers than the corresponding conjugate with keyhole limpet hemocyanin protein carrier (gold standard) in mice with the NCS linker strategy requiring less sample processing. The mQß-gp51-peptide construct is the first BLV peptide-based vaccine candidate to generate durable immunity (>539 days), which recognized both native gp51 protein and BLV particles and significantly decreased fusion of a susceptible cell line exposed to infectious BLV. These results support the high translational and animal health potential of the vaccine construct.

Coupling sensitivity and radiation pattern of a vertical grating coupler.

Analytical expressions of electric field radiation pattern, coupling sensitivity, and scattering parameters of vertical grating couplers have been derived in this paper. Excellent agreement has been found between these expressions, finite element method (FEM) simulations, and experimental results. The results give an insight on how to design vertical grating couplers and reduce the number of iterations while designing and efficiently aligning the fiber over the chip without carrying out time-consuming electromagnetic simulations for the couplers.