[Cavernous hemangiomas of the skin of the face and neck and the oral soft tissues].

The structure, clinical manifestations, behavior of cavernous hemangomas of the skin of the face and neck, and the oral soft tissues were studied, by using biopsy specimens from 229 patients. Three types of cavernous hemagiomas of these areas were identified. Their preferred treatments were defined and pathogenetically warranted.

[Histochemical characteristics of adrenergic myocardial and adrenal fibers in experimental narrowing of the aorta and pulmonary artery].

Ligation of the aorta or the pulmonary trunk was the method of experimental overloading of heart ventricles. Histochemical studies indicated activation of mediator chain of the sympatho-adrenal system. Catecholamines content in the nervous plexus of the overloaded ventricle did not change but there was an increase of their content in the medullary layer of the adrenals. Thus, chromaffin cells activity increases and desympathization of the heart muscle may be an important step in pathogenesis of heart failure in acute arterial hypertension.

Sympathoadrenal system under conditions of increased left and right ventricular afterload.

Adrenergic plexuses in the myocardium and adrenal medulla were studied histochemically under conditions of increased left or right ventricular afterload. Under conditions of high afterload not accompanied by heart failure the density of sympathetic myocardial innervation remained unchanged in the loaded ventricle, but increased in the intact ventricle. Comparison of the state of the sympathoadrenal system under conditions of increased afterload complicated or uncomplicated by heart failure revealed common prognostically unfavorable changes: sharp decrease in the density of adrenergic nerve plexuses in the ventricular myocardium and activation of adrenal chromaffin cells.

[The sympathetic innervation of the myocardium and its damage in acute massive pulmonary embolism]. / Simpaticheskaia innervatsiia miokarda i ego povrezhdenie pri ostroi massivnoi legochnoi émbolii.

The state of the adrenergic heart innervation and injuries of right (RV) and left (LV) ventricles in experimental massive embolism of pulmonary arteries (MEPA) were studied in 62 dogs under conditions of the intact thorax and natural respiration. The degree of focal myocardial injuries depended upon the density of the sympathetic innervation: when the density of adrenergic nerves (AN) was high the number of injuries decreased. Hypercatecholaminemia developing at the early period of MEPA has a cardiotoxic effect, more pronounced in dogs with decompensation. A decrease of the AN density and increase of injuries in RV and LV were observed in long-term experiments. The results allow explaining the possibility of the adaptation processes breakdown by the development of heart failure in acute MEPA.

[The sympathetic-adrenal system in experimental massive pulmonary embolism]. / Sostoianie simpatiko-adrenalovoi sistemy pri éksperimental'noi massivnoi legochnoi émbolii.

The density of adrenergic nervous plexus in ventricular myocardium, the concentration of catecholamines in blood and in adrenal medulla were studied on 24 dogs with acute massive pulmonary embolism (MPE) and also on 13 control dogs. Moderate and shortterm activation of adrenal system took place in control group. During the first hour of MPE the activation of both adrenal and mediator systems was revealed. To the six hour of MPE the enlarged activity of adrenal chromaffin cells was maintained, but the density of adrenergic nervous plexus in ventricular myocardium decreased. In cases, when MPE was followed by heart failure, a quick and significant decrease of mediator concentration in myocardium and increase of adrenal medullary cells activity took place. Thus, the velocity of revealed changes may be the reason of transition processes exit to compensative or decompensative state.

[Changes in the dehydrogenase activity of the cardiomyocytes in experimental acute massive pulmonary embolism]. / Izmenenie aktivnosti degidrogenaz kardiomiotsitov pri ostroi massivnoi émbolii legochnoi arterii v éksperimente.

A study of the activity of SDG, LDG, NAD-D in several structures of the heart was carried out in acute compensated massive embolism of the pulmonary artery. TV-histophotometry demonstrated heterogeneity of metabolic processes in the myocardium in the control and experimental group. The animals with pulmonary artery embolism showed diverse hemodynamic changes in the lesser and greater circulation. Loads to right cardiac compartments were accompanied by an elevation of SDG, NAD-D in the interventricular septum.

[Lesions of ventricular cardiomyocytes in experimental massive pulmonary embolism]. / Povrezhdeniia kardiomiotsitov zheludochkov pri éksperimental'noi massivnoi émbolii legochnykh arterii.

The damage of ventricular myocardial cells during acute experimental massive pulmonary embolism (MPE) was studied by light, polarization and electron microscopy on anaesthetized dogs. In cases, when MPE was followed by heart failure, the deep ir reversible damage of myofibrils took place, and the relative volume of myofibrils decreased in both ventricles. The damage of right ventricular myocardium, which works against increased postload during MPE, may be reason of right ventricular insufficiency.

[Structural-metabolic changes in the ventricular myocardium in massive experimental pulmonary embolism]. / Strukturno-metabolicheskie izmeneniia v miokarde zheludochkov pri éksperimental'noi massivnoi legochnoi émbolii.

A comparative study of hemodynamic and structural-metabolic changes in myocardium of right (RV) and left (LV) ventricles by compensative massive pulmonary embolism (MPE) and decompensated MPE was made in 29 mongrel dogs. By decompensated MPE the histoenzymological and ultrastructural methods reveal changes in RV which are not adequate to its high hemodynamic load: the catabolic enzymes activity decreases, the numeral density of mitochondrial profiles decreases too, the fraction of damaged mitochondria increases. By decompensated MPE the myocardial metabolism shifts from catabolic to biosynthetic processes, the activity of NADP.H-D and G-6-PDG increase in both ventricles.

[The functional-morphological state of the myocardium in experimental massive embolism of the pulmonary artery]. / Funktsional'no-morfologicheskoe sostoianie miokarda pri éksperimental'noi massivnoi émbolii legochnoi arterii.

A comparative study of hemodynamic and structural-metabolic changes in the myocardium of the right (RV) and left ventricles (LV) in acute massive pulmonary artery embolism was made in 19 mongrel dogs. In the control group the activity of SDH, MDH, GDH, NADH-DH in LV were higher than in RV. The numeral density and relative area of mitochondrial profile surface in LV was higher that in RV. A significant increase in afterload on RV causes intensification of cell respiration, a rise in numeral density and relative area of mitochondrial profile surface. Weakening of LV work leads to contrary structural-metabolic changes. Thus, contrary changes in hemodynamic loads on RV and LV in acute compensative massive pulmonary artery embolism correlated with contrary changes in their cell metabolism.