The association between sleep and depressive symptoms in US adults: data from the NHANES (2007-2014).

AIMS: To assess the association of sleep factors (sleep duration, trouble sleeping, sleep disorder) and combined sleep behaviours with the risk of clinically relevant depression (CRD). METHODS: A total of 17 859 participants (8806 males and 9053 females) aged 20-79 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2014 waves were included. Sleep duration, trouble sleeping and sleep disorder were asked in the home by trained interviewers using the Computer-Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI) system. The combined sleep behaviours were referred to as 'sleep patterns (healthy, intermediate and poor)', with a 'healthy sleep pattern' defined as sleeping 7-9 h per night with no self-reported trouble sleeping or sleep disorders. And intermediate and poor sleep patterns indicated 1 and 2-3 sleep problems, respectively. Weighted logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association of sleep factors and sleep patterns with the risk of depressive symptoms. RESULTS: The total prevalence of CRD was 9.5% among the 17 859 participants analysed, with females having almost twice as frequency than males. Compared to normal sleep duration (7-9 h), both short and long sleep duration were linked with a higher risk of CRD (short sleep: OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.39-1.98; long sleep: OR: 2.75, 95% CI: 1.93-3.92). The self-reported sleep complaints, whether trouble sleeping or sleep disorder, were significantly related with CRD (trouble sleeping: OR: 3.04, 95% CI: 2.59-3.56; sleep disorder: OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.44-2.34). Furthermore, the correlations appeared to be higher for individuals with poor sleep pattern (OR: 5.98, 95% CI: 4.91-7.29). CONCLUSIONS: In this national representative survey, it was shown that there was a dose-response relationship between sleep patterns and CRD.

The immunoregulation and clinical effect of Yupingfeng capsule combined with Seretide on patients with cough variant asthma / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To detect the immunoregulation and clinical effect ofYupingfeng capsule combined with Seretide on patients with cough variant asthma (CVA).Methods CVA Patients were randomly divided into the Seretide control group (n=54) andYupingfeng capsule combined with Seretide group (n=54). Seretide group received inhaled Seretide. Combined traditional Chinese medicine group received Seretide and Yuping Feng capsule. Two groups were treated for 12 weeks. The IL-17, IL-10 and IL-6 expression was detected by ELISA analysis. The clinic effect rate and adverse events were compared.Results After treatment, compared with the Seretide group, the expression of IL-17 (18.72 ± 4.26 ng/mlvs. 26.17 ± 5.58 ng/ml;t=2.462,P<0.05) and IL-6 (21.58 ± 4.12 ng/mlvs. 30.66 ± 6.27 ng/ml;t=2.523,P<0.05) were significantly lower in combined traditional Chinese medicine group than that in Seretide group; and IL-10 (15.56 ± 2.74 ng/mlvs. 12.25 ± 2.81 ng/ml;t=2.244, P<0.05) was significantly higher in combined traditional Chinese medicine group. The daytime (1.12 ± 0.26 vs.1.42 ± 0.33,t=2.283) and night time cough score (1.24 ± 0.28vs. 1.52 ± 0.37,t=2.291) in combined traditional Chinese medicine group was significantly lower than that in Seretide group (P<0.05). The clinic effect rate (92.6%vs. 77.8%,χ2=2.438) in combined traditional Chinese medicine group was significantly higher than that in Seretide group (P=0.037).ConclusionYupingfengcapsule combined with Seretide can decrease IL-17 expression and increase IL-10 expression to inhibit inflammatory reaction in CVA patients, and showed significantly higher clinical effect rates.

Extraction and antioxidant activity of collagen from elephant skin, pig skin and fish scales / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study collagen structure of the traditional Chinese medicine elephant skin and the proposed alternatives such as pig skin, fish scale, and antioxidant activity.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Orthogonal experimental design method was employed to determine the optimal extraction condition of collagen from the elephant skin, and the structure and content of collagen of proposed alternatives were compared, their scavenging ability were determined by salicylic acid.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Collagen extracted from elephant skin with the optimal conditions was the structural integrity and good quality first time, and collagen structure of the elephant skin was similar to the proposed alternatives. Free radical scavenging capacity of collagen, values of IC50, were 0.51 g x L(-1) of elephant skin, 0.60 g x L(-1) of pig skin and 0.42 g x L(-1) of fish scale.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>By comparing and identification of proteins that the collagen of elephant skin is type I collagen, with a strong antioxidant capacity, is the active ingredients of elephant skin. It provides a further study of alternatives as an important reference.</p>

Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 is associated with radioresistance in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an inducible isoform of cyclooxygenase, is overexpressed in many types of malignant tumors, which in turn may stimulate tumor growth and protect against damage by irradiation or cytotoxic agents. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the radiation sensitivity and elevated level of COX-2. Radiation sensitivity of the eight oral SCC cell lines differed greatly in their response to radiation. Further, the level of the COX-2 expression correlated inversely with increased tumor radiation sensitivity. The similar significant association between the response to preoperative radiation therapy and COX-2 overexpression was observed in the oral SCC patients. In addition, treatment with a COX-2 selective inhibitor enhanced the radioresponse of HSC-2 cell, which constitutively expressed COX-2. These results suggested that COX-2 expression level correlates to radiation tolerance and the COX-2 selective inhibitor may be a potent enhancer for tumor radioresponse in oral SCC.