RESUMO
Thiram is a dithiocarbamate derivative, which is used as a fungicide for seed dressing and spraying during the vegetation period of plants, and also as an active vulcanization accelerator in the production of rubber-based rubber products. In this study the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the state of the glutathione system have been investigated in the oral fluid and gum tissues of adult male Wistar rats treated with thiram for 28 days during its administration with food at a dose of 1/50 LD50. Thiram induced formation of ROS in the oral cavity; this was accompanied by an imbalance in the ratio of reduced and oxidized forms of glutathione due to a decrease in glutathione and an increase in its oxidized form as compared to the control. Thiram administration caused an increase in the activity of glutathione-dependent enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione transferase, and glutathione reductase). However, the time-course of enzyme activation in the gum tissues and oral fluid varied in dependence on the time of exposure to thiram. In the oral fluid of thiram-treated rats changes in the antioxidant glutathione system appeared earlier. The standard diet did not allow the glutathione pool to be fully restored to physiological levels after cessation of thiram intake. The use of exogenous antioxidants resviratrol and an Echinacea purpurea extract led to the restoration of redox homeostasis in the oral cavity.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Fungicidas Industriais , Glutationa , Ratos Wistar , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio , Tiram , Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Glutationa/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Fungicidas Industriais/toxicidade , Tiram/toxicidade , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Boca/metabolismo , Boca/efeitos dos fármacos , Glutationa Redutase/metabolismo , Glutationa Transferase/metabolismo , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismoRESUMO
We showed for the first time that polymorphisms rs2075938 and rs2075938 of the NCF4 gene are associated with the risk of chronic heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=1310). In particular, haplotypes ATGTCTAT (OR=1.74, 95%CI=1.23-2.47; p=0.0017) and ATATTCAC (OR=2.83, 95%CI=1.33-6.03; p=0.0072) of NCF4 increase the risk of chronic heart failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The results show that NADPH oxidase subunit NCF4 is involved in the molecular mechanisms of myocardial damage in type 2 diabetes mellitus.