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1.
An. venez. nutr ; 32(1): 4-12, 2019. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1053453

RESUMO

Determinar la frecuencia de factores de riesgo cardiometabólico (FRC) en niños y adolescentes con síndrome de Down y establecer su relación con indicadores de composición corporal. Este estudio de tipo transversal descriptivo, desarrollado entre 2015-2016, en la ciudad Mérida, Venezuela, incluyó a 54 individuos con síndrome de Down menores de 18 años, Los FRC investigados fueron, sobrepeso-obesidad, hipertensión arterial (HTA), sedentarismo, dislipidemia e hiperglucemia; los indicadores de composición corporal, circunferencia de cintura, área grasa, pliegues tricipital, suprailíaco y subescapular, y los índices de cintura/talla, SESTRI, conicidad y centripetalidad. Presentaron uno o más FRC 75,9%, y entre los más frecuentes fueron dislipidemia 59,3%, sedentarismo 45,2% y Pre-HTA/HTA 24,1%. Hubo una elevada frecuencia de circunferencia de cintura alta 75,9%, índice cintura/talla alto 74%, área grasa alta 92,6% e índice de conicidad alto 46,3%. Se observaron correlaciones positivas significativas de la presión arterial sistólica, diastólica y negativas del CHDL, con la circunferencia de cintura (r=0,710; r=0,657; r=-0,423, respectivamente; p=0,0001), con el pliegue tricipital (r=0,346, r=0,380; r=-0,362, respectivamente, p<0,01) y con el índice de conicidad (r=0,333, r=0,616, r=-0412, respectivamente p<0,01). El CHDL bajo fue más frecuente en sujetos del área urbana en comparación con la rural (60 % vs 31,6 %; p=0,046).La prevalencia de FRC en niños y adolescentes con síndrome de Down es mayor que la reportada en la población sin esta entidad genética, y los indicadores de adiposidad se correlacionaron con los FRC. Estos deben ser detectados a temprana edad para disminuir enfermedades crónicas degenerativas en edad adulta(AU)


To determine the frequency of cardiometabolic risk factors (CRF) in children and adolescents with Down syndrome and establish their relationship with body composition indicators. A descriptive cross-sectional investigation was carried out between 2015-2016 in Mérida, Venezuela, with 54 individuals with Down syndrome. The CRF investigated were overweight-obesity, hypertension, sedentary lifestyle, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia. Body composition indicators investigated were waist circumference, fat area, triceps, suprailiac and subscapular folds, and waist/height, SESTRI, conicity and centripetality indices. The 75.9% presented one or more CRF, the most frequent were dyslipidemia 59.3%, sedentary lifestyle 45.2% and pre-hypertension and hypertension 24.1%. There was a high frequency of high waist circumference 75.9%, high waist/height index 74%, high fat area 92.6% and high conicity index 46.3%. Significant positive correlations of systolic, diastolic and negative of HDL-C were observed, with waist circumference (r = 0.710, r = 0.657, r = -0.423 respectively, p = 0.0001), with the triceps fold (r = 0.346, r = 0.380, r = -0.362 respectively, p <0.01) and with the conicity index (r = 0.333, r = 0.616, r = -0412 respectively p <0.01). Low HDL-C was more frequent in urban subjects compared to rural subjects (60% vs 31.6%, p = 0.046).The prevalence of CRF in children and adolescents with Down syndrome is higher than that reported in the population without this genetic entity, and the indicators of adiposity were correlated with CRF. These must be detected at an early age to reduce chronic degenerative diseases in adulthood(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Composição Corporal , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Síndrome de Down , Comportamento Sedentário , Hiperglicemia , Doenças Metabólicas , Dislipidemias , Sobrepeso , Hipertensão , Obesidade
2.
Endocrinol. nutr. (Ed. impr.) ; 59(6): 346-353, jun.-jul. 2012. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-105172

RESUMO

Objetivo Estudiar la frecuencia de hígado graso no alcohólico (HGNA), su relación con variables clínicas y bioquímicas, y el efecto de la intervención durante 12 meses en el estilo de vida en niños y adolescentes obesos. Métodos Se seleccionaron 36 pacientes obesos entre 7 y 18 años, 42% femeninos y 58% masculinos, 72,2% prepuberales y 27,8% puberales. Antes y 12 meses después de intervención sobre dieta y actividad física, se tomaron medidas antropométricas y se cuantificaron glucosa e insulina (basal y poscarga de glucosa), perfil lipídico, proteína C reactiva y aminotransferasas. Se realizó ecografía hepática para determinar presencia de HGNA. Resultados El 66,7% (n=24) presentó HGNA, 30,6% de grado leve, 27,8% moderado y 8,3% grave. Aquellos con HGNA tenían índice de masa corporal (IMC; p=0,007), circunferencia abdominal (p=0,005), área grasa (p=0,002), insulina basal (p=0,01) y HOMA-IR (p=0,008) más altos, y QUICKI (p=0,02) más bajo, que aquellos sin HGNA. Con la intervención, la actividad física aumentó (p=0,0001) y la ingesta calórica se mantuvo igual; el HGNA desapareció en 9 pacientes (37,5%; p=0,02) y en 3 mejoró el grado de alteración (12,5%). Además, el Z-Score del IMC (p=0,005), el área grasa (p=0,0001), la insulina basal (p<0,05), la resistencia a la insulina (p<0,005), el perfil lipídico (p<0,03) y las transaminasas disminuyeron. La disminución de peso fue la principal variable explicativa de la mejoría del HGNA. Conclusión En este grupo de niños y adolescentes obesos se observó una alta frecuencia de HGNA. La intervención en estilo de vida con reducción de peso es efectiva en el tratamiento del HGNA (AU)


Objective To study the frequency of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), its relationship to clinical and biochemical variables, and the effect 12-month's lifestyle intervention in obese children and adolescents. Methods Thirty-six obese patients aged 7 to 18 years, 42% female and 58% male, 72.2% prepubertal and 27.8% pubertal, were selected. Anthropometric measurements and glucose, insulin (baseline and after a glucose load), lipid profile, C-reactive protein, and aminotransferase tests were performed before and 12 months after dietary and physical activity intervention. Liver ultrasound was performed to determine the presence of NAFLD. Results NAFLD was found in 66.7% (n=24), and was mild in 30.6%, moderate in 27.8%, and severe in 8.3%. Subjects with NAFLD had higher body mass index (BMI, p=0.007), waist (p=0.005), fat area (p=0.002), basal insulin (p=0.01), and HOMA-IR (p=0.008) values and lower QUICKI (p=0.02) values than those with no NAFLD. After intervention, physical activity increased (p=0.0001) and calorie intake remained unchanged. NAFLD disappeared in 9 patients (37.5%, p=0.02) and disease severity decreased in 3 patients (12.5%). In addition, BMI Z-score (p=0.005), fat area (p=0.0001), basal insulin (p<0.05), insulin resistance (p<0.005), lipid profile (p<0.03), and transaminases decreased. Weight loss was the main variable accounting for NAFLD improvement. Conclusion This group of obese children and adolescents showed a high frequency of NAFLD. The lifestyle intervention with weight reduction is effective for the treatment of NAFLD (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Lipase Lipoproteica/fisiologia , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Fígado Gorduroso/fisiopatologia , Avaliação de Resultado de Intervenções Terapêuticas , Estilo de Vida , Programas Gente Saudável
3.
Endocrinol Nutr ; 59(6): 346-53, 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22717644

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To study the frequency of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), its relationship to clinical and biochemical variables, and the effect 12-month's lifestyle intervention in obese children and adolescents. METHODS: Thirty-six obese patients aged 7 to 18 years, 42% female and 58% male, 72.2% prepubertal and 27.8% pubertal, were selected. Anthropometric measurements and glucose, insulin (baseline and after a glucose load), lipid profile, C-reactive protein, and aminotransferase tests were performed before and 12 months after dietary and physical activity intervention. Liver ultrasound was performed to determine the presence of NAFLD. RESULTS: NAFLD was found in 66.7% (n=24), and was mild in 30.6%, moderate in 27.8%, and severe in 8.3%. Subjects with NAFLD had higher body mass index (BMI, p=0.007), waist (p=0.005), fat area (p=0.002), basal insulin (p=0.01), and HOMA-IR (p=0.008) values and lower QUICKI (p=0.02) values than those with no NAFLD. After intervention, physical activity increased (p=0.0001) and calorie intake remained unchanged. NAFLD disappeared in 9 patients (37.5%, p=0.02) and disease severity decreased in 3 patients (12.5%). In addition, BMI Z-score (p=0.005), fat area (p=0.0001), basal insulin (p<0.05), insulin resistance (p<0.005), lipid profile (p<0.03), and transaminases decreased. Weight loss was the main variable accounting for NAFLD improvement. CONCLUSION: This group of obese children and adolescents showed a high frequency of NAFLD. The lifestyle intervention with weight reduction is effective for the treatment of NAFLD.


Assuntos
Fígado Gorduroso/metabolismo , Fígado Gorduroso/terapia , Estilo de Vida , Obesidade/metabolismo , Obesidade/terapia , Adolescente , Criança , Dieta Redutora , Terapia por Exercício , Fígado Gorduroso/diagnóstico , Fígado Gorduroso/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Obesidade/complicações , Fatores de Tempo
4.
Rev. venez. endocrinol. metab ; 8(1): 19-29, feb. 2010. ilus, graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-631278

RESUMO

Objetivos: Estudiar la frecuencia de presentación de esteatosis hepática (EH) en un grupo de niños y adolescentes obesos y su asociación con medidas antropométricas, niveles de lípidos sanguíneos, resistencia a la insulina y aminotransferasas. Métodos: Se incluyeron 22 niños y adolescentes obesos (IMC>pc97) entre 6 y 13 años de edad, con promedio de 9,28 ± 1,9 años, 59% de sexo masculino y 41% femenino. Se tomaron tensión arterial y medidas antropométricas, incluyendo cintura, y se calcularon índice de masa corporal (IMC), área grasa y área muscular. Se hicieron determinaciones sanguíneas de glicemia e insulina en ayunas y post-prandial, lípidos y aminotransferasas. Con estos datos se calculó el índice de resistencia insulínica, HOMA-IR. Se realizó ecografía hepática con transductores entre 3 y 5 MHz para determinar la presencia de EH de acuerdo a la presencia de ecogenicidad, atenuación del sonido y visualización de vasos y diafragma.Resultados: El 45% (10/22) de los participantes presentó EH, 6 de sexo femenino y 4 de masculino, diferencia que no llegó a ser significativa. En el 14% la EH fue leve, en el 27% moderada y en el 4% severa. Se observó asociación significativa de la presencia de EH con elevación de la aspartato aminotransferasa (AST; p=0,029) y de la alanina aminotransferasa (ALT; p=0,003). No fue significativa la asociación con resistencia a la insulina y alteraciones lipídicas. Los niños con EH presentaron valores significativamente más altos de IMC (p<0,005), cintura (p<0,005), área grasa (p<0,05), insulina post-prandial (p<0,05), AST (p<0,0001), ALT (p<0,0001) y fosfatasas alcalinas (p<0,0001) que aquellos sin EH. En el análisis de regresión logística, con la presencia de EH como variable dependiente, se encontró que el IMC fue la variable antropométrica explicativa más significante (p=0,018; IC 95%: 1,12-3,52), y la AST la variable bioquímica explicativa más significante (p=0,032; IC 95%; 1,02-1,63).Conclusiones: La EH es una complicación frecuente de la obesidad en niños y adolescentes, y se asocia con los indicadores de adiposidad, principalmente el IMC, así como con los niveles de aminotransferasas.


Objectives: To study the frequency of hepatic steatosis (HS) in a group of obese children and adolescents and its association with anthropometric measurements, blood lipid levels, insulin resistance and aminotransferase. Methods: Twenty-two obese children (BMI> PC97) between 6 and 13 years old, (9.28 ± 1.9 years), 59% male and 41% female were included. Blood pressure and anthropometric measurements, including waist, were taken, and body mass index (BMI), fat and muscle area were calcaulated. Determinations of blood glucose and insulin in fasting and post-prandial, lipids and aminotransferases were made. With these data insulin resistance index, HOMA-IR was calculated. A liver ultrasound with transducers between 3 and 5 MHz was performed to study the presence of HS, according to the echogenicity, sound attenuation and visualization of vessels and diaphragm.Results: Forty-five percent (45%) of participants presented HS, 6 female and 4 male, a difference that did not become significant. In 14% the HS was mild, 27% moderate and 4% severe. Significant association was ob-served between the presence of HS and the elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST, P = 0.029) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT, P = 0.003). There was not a significant association with insulin resistance and lipid abnormalities. Those children with HS showed significantly higher values of BMI (p <0.005), waist (p <0.005), fat area (p <0.05), postprandial insulin (p <0.05), AST (p < 0.0001), ALT (p <0.0001) and alkaline phosphatase (p <0.0001) than those without HS. The logistic regression analysis, with the presence of HS as the dependent variable, showed that BMI was the most significant explanatory anthropometric variable (p=0.018, CI 95%: 1,12-3,52), and AST the most significant explanatory biochemistry variable (p = 0.032, CI 95%, 1,02-1,63).Conclusion: Hepatic steatosis is a common complication of obesity in children and adolescents, and it is associated with indicators of adiposity, mainly BMI, and with aminotransferase levels.

5.
Rev. venez. endocrinol. metab ; 7(2): 17-24, jun. 2009. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-631273

RESUMO

Objetivos: Investigar la relación entre el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y las cifras de tensión arterial en adolescentes de la ciudad de Mérida, dada su asociación con el desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas no trasmisibles en el adulto. Métodos: Se estudiaron 385 adolescentes, 62,3% de sexo femenino y 37,7% de masculino, entre 12 y 15 años de edad, con promedio de 15,17±1,71 años. Se les tomaron las medidas antropométricas, para el cálculo del IMC, y la tensión arterial (TA) en posición sentada. Se consideraron normales el IMC y la TA comprendida entre los percentiles 10 y 90 para las curvas venezolanas, de acuerdo a edad y sexo; se consideró sobrepeso y obesidad sobre el pc 90 y Pre-hipertensión (Pre-HTA) e hipertensión arterial (HTA) sobre el pc 90. Resultados: El 75,3% de los adolescentes presentaron un IMC normal, el 11,2% un IMC bajo y el 13,6% sobrepeso y obesidad. El 1,1% presentò TA sistólica sobre el pc 90 y el 6,3% presentó TA diastólica sobre la norma. No se observó asociación del IMC y de la TA con el sexo ni el estrato socio-económico. Se encontró una alta y significativa asociación entre el sobrepeso/obesidad y la Pre-HTA/HTA (p=0,0001). El riesgo de un adolescente con IMC sobre el pc 90 de presentar Pre-HTA o HTA fue 9,76 veces mayor (Odss ratio) que el adolescente con IMC menor al pc 90 (IC 95%: 4,09-23,27; p=0,0001). Conclusión: Se comprobó una asociación estadística entre el IMC y los valores de TA sistólica y diastólica, por lo que adolescentes que tengan IMC altos deben ser seguidos y sometidos a algún tipo de intervención tendiente a disminuir la incidencia de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en la edad adulta.


Objective: To investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the blood pressure (BP) values in adolescents of the city of Mérida, given its association with the development of non-transmissible chronic diseases in adults. Methods: We studied 385 adolescents, 62.3% female and 37.7% male, between 12 and 15 years of age, with average of 15.17 ± 1.71 years. Anthropometric measures and blood pressure (BP) were taken. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated. BMI and BP between 10th and 90th percentile from Venezuelan curves, according to age and sex, were considered normal. Obesity/overweight and pre-hypertension/hypertension (Pre-HTA/HTA) were considered when the BMI and the BP were located above the 90th percentile. Results: A total of 75.3% of the adolescents had a normal BMI, 11.2% a low BMI and 13.6% had overweight and obesity. The systolic BP was above the 90th percentile in 1.1% and the diastolic BP in 6.3% of the adolescents. No association was observed between BMI and BP with the sex and socio-economic stratum. It was found a high and significant association between overweight/obesity and Pre-HTA/HTA (p=0.0001). The risk for Pre-HTA/HTA of an adolescent with a BMI over 90th percentile was 9.76 times higher (Odss ratio) than in adolescents with a BMI less than 90th percentile (95% CI 4.09-23.27; p = 0.0001). Conclusion: It was found a statistical association between BMI and the values of systolic and diastolic BP. Those adolescents with high BMI should be monitored and subject to any intervention aimed at reducing the incidence of non-transmissible chronic diseases in adulthood.

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