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OBJECTIVE: During the COVID-19 pandemic, people's admissions to the hospital for their current illness were delayed. We aimed to reveal how this situation has affected the endoscopic treatment of ureteral stones. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients who were treated for 59 endoscopic ureteral stones in the pre-pandemic period between September 2019 and December 2019, and patients who were treated for 60 endoscopic ureteral stones between January 2022 and April 2022, when the effectiveness of the COVID-19 pandemic decreased, were evaluated in two groups. Pre-pandemic patients were classified as group 1, and patients treated during the period when the effectiveness of the pandemic decreased as group 2. The patients' ages, preoperative laboratory examinations and radiological findings, localization and size of the stones in the ureter, time until the operation, duration of the operation, length of hospital stay, preoperative ESWL history, complication rates according to the Modified Clavien classification were evaluated. The problems observed in the ureter during the operation were examined separately as edema, polyp formation in the ureter, distal ureteral stenosis, and adhesion of the stone to the mucosa. RESULTS: In group 1, 9 patients were female and 50 were male, with a mean age of 42.19 ± 14.06 years; in group 2, 17 patients were female and 43 were male, with a mean age of 45.23 ± 12.20 years. The stone size was found to be higher in group 2. Group 1 had more patients who did not develop complications in the Modified Clavien classification, and the proportion of group 2 patients in the grade I-II-IIIA-IIIB classification was higher. Considering the waiting time before hospitalization, it was determined that the rate of group 2 patients was higher in those with a waiting period of 31-60 days (33.9-48.3%) and ≥60 days (10.2-21.7%). Except for the development of ureteral polyps, all other problems rate were found to be higher in group 2 patients compared to group 1. CONCLUSIONS: During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a delay in the treatment of ureteral stones in patients. In the next period, as a result of this delay, negative effects on the ureteral mucosa were detected and, accordingly, an increase in the complication rates of the operation was observed.
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COVID-19 , Ureter , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pandemias , Endoscopia , HospitalizaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Urinary system stones are frequently encountered in the community. Together with technological developments, introduction of new treatment procedures such as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy and retrograde intrarenal surgery has further reduced morbidity, mortality and hospitalisation time of patients. In order to maximise success and to reduce complications of these procedures, it is necessary to evaluate anatomy and morphological differences of kidney collector system before the procedure. This study was conducted for the purpose of determining the morphology of the kidney collector system and the negative anatomic factors of the lower pole in autopsy cases performed in our institution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty two kidney units obtained from 41 autopsy cases conducted in Faculty of Medicine Department of Forensic Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University between September 2017 and September 2018 were included in the study. Percentages were found as 78% for intrarenal pelvis, 13.4% for borderline pelvis, 6.1% for extrarenal pelvis and 2.4% for pelvic nonexistence. When pelvicalyceal anatomy was evaluated, percentages were found as 32.9% for bicalyceal, 26.8% for tricalyceal, 20.7% for multicalyceal, and 19.5% for unclassified calyceality. When it was evaluated according to opening of calyces into the renal pelvis based on Sampaio classification, percentages were found as 30.5% for AI, 17.1% for type II, 28% for BI, 18.3% for BII, and 6.1% for unevaluated part. Infundibular lengths of kidney's lower pole were detected as under 3 cm in 39% and over 3 cm in 61% of all cases. Infundibulopelvic angles of kidney's lower pole were measured as under 70o in 42.7% and over 70o in 57.3% of all cases. RESULTS: In our study, there was no statistically significant difference between the right and left kidneys in terms of collecting system morphology and lower pole's negative anatomical factors. Only infundibular length which is one of the collecting system morphology and lower pole's negative anatomical factors were statistically shorter in females than males. There was no difference in terms of other parameters. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the findings of this study are largely consistent with the results of similar studies. This reveals that renal collecting system morphology and negative anatomic factors in the lower pole collecting system in human are roughly similar. In clinical practice, pre-treatment computed tomography and, if necessary, magnetic resonance urography evaluation of the lower pole negative anatomic factors may contribute to gain preliminary information about both the clearance of stone fragments especially after shock wave lithotripsy and retrograde intrarenal surgery procedures and perioperative complications proactively.
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Cálculos Renais , Litotripsia , Autopsia , Feminino , Humanos , Rim , Litotripsia/métodos , Masculino , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Antipsychotic therapy can reduce severe symptoms of psychiatric disorders, however, data on school performance among children on such treatment are lacking. The objective was to explore school performance among children using antipsychotic drugs at the end of primary education. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the University Groningen pharmacy database linked to academic achievement scores at the end of primary school (Dutch Cito-test) obtained from Statistics Netherlands. Mean Cito-test scores and standard deviations were obtained for children on antipsychotic therapy and reference children, and statistically compared using analyses of covariance. In addition, differences in subgroups as boys versus girls, ethnicity, household income, and late starters (start date within 12 months of the Cito-test) versus early starters (start date > 12 months before the Cito-test) were tested. RESULTS: In all, data from 7994 children could be linked to Cito-test scores. At the time of the Cito-test, 45 (0.6 %) were on treatment with antipsychotics. Children using antipsychotics scored on average 3.6 points lower than the reference peer group (534.5 ± 9.5). Scores were different across gender and levels of household income (p < 0.05). Scores of early starters were significantly higher than starters within 12 months (533.7 ± 1.7 vs. 524.1 ± 2.6). CONCLUSION: This first exploration showed that children on antipsychotic treatment have lower school performance compared to the reference peer group at the end of primary school. This was most noticeable for girls, but early starters were less affected than later starters. Due to the observational cross-sectional nature of this study, no causality can be inferred, but the results indicate that school performance should be closely monitored and causes of underperformance despite treatment warrants more research.
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OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of dopexamine on pancreatic tissue oxygen tension (PtO2) and the extent of acinar injury in rats with acute necrotising pancreatitis DESIGN: Laboratory study. SETTING: Medical school, Turkey. ANIMALS: 68 Sprague Dawley rats. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cardiorespiratory measurements, pancreatic PtO2, effects on activity of serum amylase and concentration trypsinogen activation peptide (TAP). and histological picture. RESULTS: The four study groups (sham + saline, sham + dopexamine, acute pancreatitis and acute pancreatitis + dopexamine) were each divided into two; in 9 rats in each, pancreatic biochemistry was studied, and in the remaining 8 in each group serum biochemistry and histology were studied. The groups were comparable with regard to mean arterial pressure, heart rate, arterial blood gases, packed cell volume, and serum amylase activity. The use of dopexamine increased pancreatic PtO2 in the sham + dopexamine group without the important blood pressure changes. The induction of pancreatitis resulted in a significant reduction in pancreatic PtO2 in the pancreatitis groups. The use of dopexamine did not increase pancreatic PtO2. There were no significant differences in plasma TAP concentration and the extent of acinar cell injury in the animals in the pancreatitis groups. CONCLUSION: Treatment with dopexamine does not improve the pancreatic microcirculation or reduce the extent of acinar cell injury in acute necrotising pancreatitis and is therefore unlikely to be of benefit in patients with pancreatitis.
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Dopamina/farmacologia , Pâncreas/irrigação sanguínea , Pancreatite Necrosante Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Amilases/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Gasometria , Ceruletídeo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Dopamina/análogos & derivados , Hemodinâmica/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Microcirculação/efeitos dos fármacos , Microcirculação/fisiologia , Consumo de Oxigênio/efeitos dos fármacos , Pâncreas/efeitos dos fármacos , Pancreatite Necrosante Aguda/induzido quimicamente , Probabilidade , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Valores de Referência , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Estatísticas não ParamétricasRESUMO
The therapeutic effects of nimodipine (CAS 66085-59-4) and ofloxacin (CAS 82419-36-1) were investigated against experimental brain abscess formation in rats. Nimodipine, a 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative, is chemically related to nifedipine but the smooth muscle relaxant effect preferentially acts on cerebral arteries. Ofloxacin is a member of 4-Quinolone broad spectrum antibiotics. Ninety-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were inoculated intracortically with Staphylococcus aureus and then different groups were treated with either saline, ofloxacin or the combination of ofloxacin and nimodipine. The rate of brain abscess formation and mortality were considerably decreased by nimodipine and ofloxacin therapy. Combination therapy was found histologically to be considerably more effective than ofloxacin alone against brain abscess formation in rats.
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Anti-Infecciosos/uso terapêutico , Abscesso Encefálico/tratamento farmacológico , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Cálcio/uso terapêutico , Nimodipina/uso terapêutico , Ofloxacino/uso terapêutico , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Abscesso Encefálico/microbiologia , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologiaRESUMO
The effect of fish oil in promoting the healing of indomethacin-induced gastric lesions was investigated in Wistar albino rats. After indomethacin treatment (30 mg/kg, s.c.), animals were given fish oil, olive oil, or normal diet for 48 h. The ulcer index was found to be decreased to 2.1 +/- 1.8 mm with fish oil, 13.7 +/1 5.4 mm with olive oil, and 14.6 +/- 2.4 mm with normal diet. Fish oil showed a potent healing-promoting effect on acute gastric erosions and ulcers induced by indomethacin and significantly enhanced the mucus content of the mucosa (p < 0.05).
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Antiulcerosos/uso terapêutico , Óleos de Peixe/uso terapêutico , Indometacina/toxicidade , Úlcera Gástrica/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Dieta , Mucosa Gástrica/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Mucosa Gástrica/patologia , Indometacina/antagonistas & inibidores , Masculino , Muco/metabolismo , Azeite de Oliva , Óleos de Plantas/uso terapêutico , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Úlcera Gástrica/induzido quimicamente , Úlcera Gástrica/patologiaRESUMO
The effect of fish oil and olive oil on the gastric mucosal damage induced by cold-restraint stress was investigated in rats. The oils were dietary supplemented for 3 weeks. The results demonstrate that a diet containing fish oil, when ingested for 3 weeks before exposure to stress, protected from gastric ulceration significantly (p < 0.01) and led to a statistically significant increase both in mucus and phospholipid content of the gastric mucosal barrier (p < 0.02 and p <0.001, resp.) in cold-restraint stress-induced gastric injury in rats. However, further studies are required to determine the role of dietary fish oils in the prophylaxis and treatment of peptic ulcer.
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Antiulcerosos/uso terapêutico , Óleos de Peixe/uso terapêutico , Úlcera Gástrica/prevenção & controle , Estresse Psicológico/complicações , Animais , Temperatura Baixa , Feminino , Mucosa Gástrica/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Masculino , Muco/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Restrição Física , Úlcera Gástrica/etiologiaRESUMO
Creep and wear tests have been carried out on a high density polyethylene crosslinked using a silane. A comparison of the results with those obtained for ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (RCH 1000) indicates the superiority of the crosslinked material. It can be injection moulded without difficulty. It is our conclusion that silane crosslinked polyethylene is an exciting prospect in the field of prosthetic materials.
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Materiais Biocompatíveis , Polietilenos , Próteses e Implantes , Silanos , Silício , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Prótese de Quadril , Humanos , Estresse Mecânico , Propriedades de SuperfícieRESUMO
Certain physical and mechanical tests have been conducted and scanning electron microscopy carried out in order to characterize a high density polyethylene cross-linked using vinyl trimethoxysilane. It is suggested that this cross-linked polyethylene could be an alternative to high molecular weight polyethylene for prosthetic applications.
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Polietilenos , Desenho de Prótese , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Fenômenos Químicos , Química , Cristalização , Géis , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Silanos , Resistência à TraçãoRESUMO
In this paper we consider solid phase forming as a method of manufacturing acetabular cups. Static and cyclic creep tests have been carried out on Charnley cups and indicate that creep, rather than wear, plays the major role in the penetration of the socket by the femoral ball, at least in the first few years. We have investigated a new type of cross-linked polyethylene and found it to be extremely good from both a wear and creep viewpoint, particularly under high loads and at high sliding velocities.