The effect of botulinum toxin type A injection on compound muscle action potential in an in vivo rat model.

Serial measurements were performed on the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude and the force generated by the rat lower hind limb flexors to investigate the time course of intramuscular injections of botulinum toxin type A (BOTOX). Thirty animals were used in this in vivo rat model. CMAP amplitude and muscle force were measured at predetermined intervals for 28 weeks. Compound muscle action potential amplitude and force declined markedly the first 5 to 7 days after injection of BOTOX but recovered in a near linear manner. The response magnitude and recovery rate were dose-dependent. Recovery of CMAP amplitude preceded recovery of muscle force. No clear evidence of a systemic effect on the untreated leg or a concentration effect was found. CMAP amplitude may be useful in determining optimal timing of repeat injections in treating neuromuscular disorders.

[Practical instructions for removal of ferromagnetic foreign bodies from the eye]. / Praktyczne wskazówki przy usuwaniu cial obcych ferromagnetycznych z galki ocznej.

On basis of a several-years expertise in surgical extraction of ferromagnetic intraocular foreign bodies the authors are analysing the exact localization, the isoelectric magnetic lines and the position of the electromagnet. They present the most favourable method of a successful intervention in the course of the first extraction without causing any damage to the intraocular structures.

Level of postassault sexual functioning in rape and incest victims.

In a systematic study, 372 sexual assault survivors and 99 women with no history of sexual assault were interviewed with regard to their sexual histories to determine the incidence and types of sexual dysfunctions in these two samples. The women also completed the Sexual Arousability Inventory. Of the sexual assault survivors, 58.6% of the women were experiencing sexual dysfunctions, with 71% of them reporting that their sexual assaults were related to their development of sexual problems. In contrast, only 17.2% of the nonassaulted women reported experiencing any sexual problems. Differences in the types of sexual problems experienced by the two samples are noted, as are treatment implications. The sensitivity of the Sexual Arousability Inventory to assault-related sexual dysfunctions was affected by the educational level of the sexual assault survivors.

Taurodontism: review of literature and report of case.

In the foregoing case, the finding of a taurodont dentition led to further investigatory tests. The finding of Barr bodies in the buccal scrapings was insufficient to prove that the patient had Klinefelter's syndrome. The diagnosis of Klinefelter's syndrome was made, however, after a chromosomal analysis of the patient's peripheral blood samples showed a 47 XXY chromosome complement in all of the examined cells. The patient's underlying aneuploid condition was disclosed because of the radiographic study done during the dental examination. The dental practitioner should be familiar with taurodontism because its discovery may help to disclose conditions that would otherwise remain unnoticed.

Sexual problems of sexual assault survivors.

Attempts to downplay the sexual component of sexual assault may actually result in an injustice to sexual assault survivors as it may desensitize professionals working with sexual assault survivors to the possible development of sexual problems. Of 371 sexual assault survivors evaluated, more than 40% reported that they were experiencing sexual problems as a result of their assaults. In addition, these assault-related sexual problems can be chronic, enduring for many years. The need to screen for and provide treatment when necessary for such sexual problems is apparent.