Los síndromes pericárdicos agudos en la unidad de cuidados intensivos / Acute pericardial syndromes in the intensive care unit

No disponible

Coma y acidosis metabólica: intoxicación por metanol / Coma and metabolic acidosis: methanol poisoning

La intoxicación por metanol es un proceso poco frecuente en la actualidad, a pesar de su uso habitual en la industria, laboratorios y hogar. La vía de intoxicación suele ser la oral y, dada su elevada mortalidad, debe considerarse siempre una intoxicación grave. Se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente joven extranjero sin antecedentes, en coma y con acidosis metabólica grave, que evoluciona a muerte encefálica a pesar de establecer medidas de soporte y tratamiento específico (corrección de acidosis, etanol, diálisis) instaurado empíricamente a las 12 horas del ingreso, confirmándose posteriormente la intoxicación por metanol. En conclusión, debe destacarse la importancia del diagnostico precoz, dado el amplio periodo de latencia, la escasa sintomatología inicial y la alta mortalidad, sospechándose ante un paciente con acidosis metabólica con anión gap aumentado y alteraciones neurológicas, pues el diagnóstico de certeza es su presencia en plasma, técnica no disponible en la mayoría de los hospitales (AU)

Today, the methanol poisoning is an uncommon disease, although it is the regular use in the industry, the laboratories and home products. The more frequent route of intoxication is oral and always it has to considerate that is a severe poisoning. The case report is about a foreign young male without personal history. On first examination he presents coma and severe metabolic acidosis developing encephalic death, despite supportive measures and specific treatment (correction of acidosis, ethanol and dialysis) administered 12 hours after the admission time. Later, the methanol poisoning was confirmed. In conclusion, we want to emphasize the importance of early diagnostic, because this intoxication has a wide latent period, poor initial symptoms and high mortality, and it should be suspected when a patient shows metabolic acidosis with increased gap anion and neurological disorders, since certainly diagnostic is the presence of methanol in blood and this technique is not available in most hospitals (AU)

[Economics and equity in urgency and emergency care]. / Economía y equidad en urgencias y emergencias.

The financial sustainability of public health systems (PHS) is currently threatened by population growth, increased prevalence of chronic conditions and disabilities, inequality in access and use of resources, zero cost delivery and global economic crisis. The emergency department (ED) is one for which demand is highest--without relation to the health model--because disease becomes established in disadvantaged socio-demographic areas and inequalities, hyperconsumption and decision making more closely linked to the user are maintained. The medical device of ED is a multiple one and its diverse product lines make it difficult to measure. This review discusses the need to deploy measurement tools in ED, where there are high direct costs--primarily structural--and other variables related to the activity, where the marginal cost is higher than the average and there is no economy of scale in such interventions. The possible mechanisms of private copayment in financing the supply of EDs are also studied, showing their advantages and disadvantages, with the conclusion that they are not recommendable--due to their scarce fund raising and deterrent capacity, which is why fundamental strategic changes in the management of these resources are needed.

Economía y equidad en urgencias y emergencias / Economics and equity in urgency and emergency care

públicos (SSP) está amenazada por el crecimientopoblacional, la mayor prevalencia de procesos crónicosy discapacidades, la inequidad residual en el acceso yutilización de los recursos, el coste nulo en la prestacióny la crisis económica mundial.Los servicios de Urgencias y Emergencias (SUE)son uno de los más demandados –sin relación con elmodelo de salud– porque la enfermedad asienta enáreas sociodemográficas menos favorecidas, se mantieneninequidad, hiperconsumo y capacidad de decisiónmás ligada al usuario. El producto sanitario de los SUEes múltiple y con líneas de producción diversas quedificultan su medición. En esta revisión se analiza lanecesidad de implantar herramientas de medida en losSUE, donde existen altos costes directos –fundamentalmenteestructurales– y otros variables relacionadoscon la actividad, donde el coste marginal es superior almedio y sin economía de escala en estas intervenciones.Se estudian, asimismo, los posibles mecanismos decoparticipación privada en la financiación de la ofertade los SUE, se muestran sus ventajas e inconvenientesy se concluye que no son recomendables –por su escasacapacidad recaudadora y disuasoria– por lo queson necesarios cambios estratégicos fundamentales enla gestión de estos recursos(AU)

The financial sustainability of public health systems(PHS) is currently threatened by populationgrowth, increased prevalence of chronic conditions anddisabilities, inequality in access and use of resources,zero cost delivery and global economic crisis.The emergency department (ED) is one for whichdemand is highest – without relation to the health model– because disease becomes established in disadvantagedsocio-demographic areas and inequalities, hyperconsumptionand decision making more closely linkedto the user are maintained. The medical device of EDis a multiple one and its diverse product lines make itdifficult to measure.This review discusses the need to deploy measurementtools in ED, where there are high direct costs– primarily structural – and other variables related tothe activity, where the marginal cost is higher than theaverage and there is no economy of scale in such interventions.The possible mechanisms of private copaymentin financing the supply of EDs are also studied,showing their advantages and disadvantages, with theconclusion that they are not recommendable – due totheir scarce fund raising and deterrent capacity, whichis why fundamental strategic changes in the managementof these resources are needed(AU)