[Risk factors for prolonged mechanical ventilation after cardiac surgery in children]. / Factores de riesgo de la ventilación mecánica prolongada de niños con cirugía cardíaca.

OBJECTIVE: To study the postoperative factors associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation after cardiac surgery in children. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: Pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). PATIENTS: 59 children aged between 2 months and 14 years after cardiac surgery. VARIABLES OF INTEREST: We analyzed postoperative parameters associated to mechanical ventilation lasting more than 3 and more than 7 days. We performed a stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis to study the influence of each factor on prolonged mechanical ventilation. RESULTS: Mechanical ventilation lasted more than 3 days in 19 (32%) children and more than 7 days in 12 (20%). Predictive factors at PICU admission and 24 hours after admission associated with mechanical ventilation at 3 and 7 days were age less than 12 months, weight less than 7 kg, extrapulmonary complications (hypotension, arrhythmias, postoperative bleeding, delayed sternal closure, and airway complications), nitric oxide treatment, midazolam perfusion more than 4 microg/kg/min or fentanyl perfusion more than 4 microg/kg/h, and continuous muscle relaxant treatment. In the logistic multiple regression study, weight less than 7 kg and extrapulmonary complications predicted 82.8% of children with mechanical ventilation more than 3 days and 87.9% with mechanical ventilation more than 7 days. CONCLUSIONS: Weight less than 7 kg and extrapulmonary complications are the most important factors associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation after cardiac surgery in children.

Factores de riesgo de la ventilación mecánica prolongada de niños con cirugía cardíaca / Risk factors for prolonged mechanical ventilation after cardiac surgery in children

Objetivo. Estudiar los factores postoperatorios que influyen en la prolongación de la ventilación mecánica en niños sometidos a cirugía cardíaca. Diseño. Estudio prospectivo observacional. Ámbito. Unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos (UCIP). Pacientes. Cincuenta y nueve niños de edades entre 2 meses y 14 años sometidos a cirugía cardíaca. Variables de interés. Se estudiaron los factores postoperatorios que se relacionaron con la duración de ventilación mecánica > 3 y > 7 días. Se realizó un estudio de regresión logística multivariable paso a paso para analizar la influencia de cada factor en la ventilación mecánica prolongada. Resultados. Precisaron ventilación mecánica más de 3 días 19 (32%) niños y más de 7 días, 12 (20%). Los factores al ingreso y a las 24 h en la UCIP que se relacionaron con una duración de la ventilación > 3 y > 7 días fueron la edad < 12 meses, el peso < 7 kg, la presencia de complicaciones extrapulmonares (hipotensión, arritmias, sangrado postoperatorio, tórax abierto y alteraciones de la vía aérea), la necesidad de administrar óxido nítrico, la sedación con midazolam > 4 μg/kg/min o fentanilo > 4 μg/kg/h y la relajación muscular. En el estudio de regresión logística, el peso < 7 kg más la presencia de complicaciones extrapulmonares al ingreso en la UCIP predijeron el 82,8% de los niños con ventilación mecánica > 3 días y el 87,9%, > 7 días. Conclusiones. El peso < 7 kg y la presencia de complicaciones extrapulmonares son los factores más importantes de los relacionados con la necesidad de ventilación mecánica prolongada en el postoperatorio de cirugía cardíaca en niños

Objective. To study the postoperative factors associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation after cardiac surgery in children. Design. Prospective observational study. Setting. Pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Patients. 59 children aged between 2 months and 14 years after cardiac surgery. Variables of interest. We analyzed postoperative parameters associated to mechanical ventilation lasting more than 3 and more than 7 days. We performed a step wise multiple logistic regression analysis to study the influence of each factor on prolonged mechanical ventilation. Results. Mechanical ventilation lasted morethan 3 days in 19 (32%) children and more than 7days in 12 (20%). Predictive factors at PICU admission and 24 hours after admission associated with mechanical ventilation at 3 and 7 days were age less than 12 months, weight less than 7 kg, extrapulmonary complications (hypotension, arrhythmias, postoperative bleeding, delayed sternal closure, and airway complications), nitric oxidetreatment, midazolam perfusion more than 4 g/kg/min or fentanyl perfusion more than 4 g/kg/h, and continuous muscle relaxant treatment. In the logistic multiple regression study, weight less than 7 kg and extrapulmonary complications predicted 82.8% of children with mechanical ventilation more than 3 days and 87.9% with mechanical ventilation more than 7 days. Conclusions. Weight less than 7 kg and extrapulmonary complications are the most important factors associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation after cardiac surgery in children