[Molecular biology of renal cancer: bases for genetic directed therapy in advanced disease]. / Biologia molecular del cancer renal: bases para el tratamiento geneticamente dirigido en la enfermedad avanzada.

There has been expansion of therapeutic options in the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma due to a better knowledge of the molecular biology of kidney cancers. There are different tumors grouped under the term renal cell carcinoma, being clear cell cancer the most frequent and accounting for 80% of kidney tumors. Mutations in the Von Hippel-Lindau gene can be identified in up to 80% of sporadic clear cell cancer, linking a genetically inheritable disease where vascular tumors are frequent, with renal cell cancer. Other histologic types present specific alterations in molecular pathways, like c-MET in papillary type I tumors, and Fumarase Hydratase in papillary type II tumors. Identification of the molecular alteration for a specific tumor may offer an opportunity for treatment selection based on biomarkers, and, in the future, for developing an engineering designed genetic treatment.

Biología molecular del cáncer renal: Bases para el tratamiento geneticamente dirigido en la enfermedad avanzada / Molecular biology of renal carcinoma: Basis for genetic directed therapy in advanced disease

En los últimos años hemos asistido a una revolución en el tratamiento del carcinoma renal metastásico, con el desarrollo de moléculas diana desarrolladas a partir de un mejor conocimiento de la biología molecular del cáncer renal. El término cáncer renal incluye diferentes entidades con diferente comportamiento clínico, histología y un substrato molecular diferente. El carcinoma de células claras comprende el 80% de las neoplasias renales, está asociado con una disregulación de la angiogénesis, tal y como ocurre en la enfermedad de von Hippel Lindau, en los tumores esporádicos pueden identificarse en un 80% alteraciones en la expresión de la proteína de von Hippel Lindau, que no está presente, sin embargo, en otros subtipos histológicos. La identificación de una alteración molecular específica para un determinado paciente puede permitir el desarrollo en un futuro de terapias individualizadas (AU)

There has been expansion of therapeutic options in the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma due to a better knowledge of the molecular biology of kidney cancers. There are different tumors grouped under the term renal cell carcinoma, being clear cell cancer the most frequent and accounting for 80% of kidney tumors. Mutations in the Von Hippel-Lindau gene can be identified in up to 80% of sporadic clear cell cancer, linking a genetically inheritable disease where vascular tumors are frequent, with renal cell cancer. Other histologic types present specific alterations in molecular pathways, like c-MET in papillary type I tumors, and Fumarase Hydratase in papillary type II tumors. Identification of the molecular alteration for a specific tumor may offer an opportunity for treatment selection based on biomarkers, and, in the future, for developing an engineering designed genetic treatment (AU)