Avoidable bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy at hysterectomy: a large retrospective study.

OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the proportion of justified bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) at hysterectomy, based on pathologic diagnosis, and determine prevalence of avoidable BSO based on pre- and intraoperative considerations and pathologic diagnosis. METHODS: Retrospective review of hysterectomies at seven Ontario, Canada hospitals from 2016 to 2019. Surgeries completed by oncologists or for invasive placentation were excluded. Patient, case, and surgeon characteristics were recorded along with pathologic diagnoses. Avoidable BSO criteria were: preoperative diagnosis of cervical dysplasia or benign diagnosis other than endometriosis, gender dysphoria, risk reduction or premenstrual dysphoric disorder; age < 51 years; absence of intraoperative endometriosis and adhesions; unjustified pathology (where "justified" pathology was endometriosis or (pre)malignant diagnosis except for cervical dysplasia). Patients with avoidable BSO were compared to those having at least one criterion for BSO. Binary logistic regression identified factors most strongly associated with avoidable BSO. RESULTS: Four thousand one hundred ninety-one hysterectomies were completed with 1,422 (33.9%) patients having concomitant BSO. Pathologic diagnosis justified BSO in most patients (1,035/1,422, 72.8%) with endometrial cancer being most common (439/1,422, 30.9%). When preoperative characteristics, intraoperative findings, and pathologic diagnoses were considered, 79 of 1,422 (5.6%) BSOs were avoidable. Compared to cases with at least one criterion for BSO, avoidable BSOs were more frequently completed by generalists (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.10-2.99, P  = 0.021), for preoperative diagnoses of abnormal uterine bleeding/menorrhagia (OR 3.82, 95% CI 2.35-6.30, P  = 0.001) and fibroids (OR 4.25, 95% CI 2.63-6.92, P  < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Pathologic diagnosis justified most BSOs at hysterectomy. BSO was avoidable in 5.6% of patients, underscoring the need to standardize practice of BSO.

Impact of Minimally Invasive Gynaecology Fellowship Training on Quality Performance Metrics for Hysterectomy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate differences in quality metrics between hysterectomies performed by fellowship-trained surgeons and those performed by generalists. METHODS: Retrospective review of 2845 consecutive hysterectomies by 75 surgeons (23 fellowship-trained, 52 generalists) at 7 hospitals in Ontario, Canada. The primary outcome was a composite of any complication or return to the emergency department (ED) within 30 days of hysterectomy. Secondary outcomes were 2 quality outcome measures (grade of complication and return to ED within 30 days) and 4 quality process measures (minimally invasive hysterectomy rate, rate of preoperative anemia, same-day discharge for laparoscopic hysterectomy [LH], and performing cystoscopy at LH). RESULTS: Fellowship-trained surgeons were more likely to perform concurrent resection of endometriosis, bilateral ureterolysis, lysis of adhesions, uterine/internal iliac artery ligation, and morcellation (all P < 0.001). Generalists performed more vaginal procedures, including vaginal repair, vault suspension, and insertion of mid-urethral sling (all P < 0.001). After controlling for patient and surgical factors, there was no difference in the primary outcome (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.07; 95% CI 0.79-1.45, P = 0.667). Fellowship-trained surgeons were more likely to perform minimally invasive hysterectomy (aOR 2.38; 95% CI 1.15-4.93, P = 0.020), had higher rates of same-day discharge for LH (aOR 2.23; 95% CI 1.31-3.81, P = 0.003), and were more likely to perform cystoscopy (unadjusted OR 2.94; 95% CI 2.30-3.85, P < 0.001). There were no differences in the rates of preoperative anemia, surgical complications, and ED visits. CONCLUSION: Differences exist between fellowship-trained surgeons and generalists regarding case mix and process quality metrics. Postoperative complications and readmissions were comparable for both groups of surgeons.

Decreasing Cesarean Delivery Rates Using a Trial of Labour After Cesarean (TOLAC) Bundle.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and implement a trial of labour after cesarean delivery (TOLAC) bundle-a group of interventions aimed at decreasing cesarean delivery (CD) for women who have had a prior CD (Robson group 5). METHODS: A TOLAC bundle was developed that included: (1) educational rounds for health care providers, (2) a physician-patient TOLAC discussion aid, and (3) patient-centred educational resources. A before-and-after study design was employed. A one-year chart review determined baseline CD rates in Robson group 5 patients at a tertiary care academic centre. Following this, from February 1, 2018 until May 31, 2019, each bundle intervention was sequentially introduced every four to six months and modified based on provider feedback. Obstetricians were provided with their individual CD rates using an audit-and-feedback approach prior to the introduction of the next intervention. RESULTS: The baseline CD rate for Robson group 5 patients was 71% (175/247 eligible patients). Following the introduction of the bundle, the CD rate decreased to 61% (131/214 eligible patients). This was a 10% decrease in the CD rate (P = 0.029). A significant increase in rate of induction was noted, from 5% pre-intervention to 11% post-intervention (p = 0.017). There were no significant decreases in the rate of vaginal birth after CD or increases in the rates of uterine rupture or NICU admission. CONCLUSIONS: A TOLAC bundle, consisting of provider education, a TOLAC discussion aid, and patient resources, combined with audit and feedback, decreased CD for Robson group 5 patients.

A qualitative analysis of the benefits and barriers of support groups for patients with brain tumours and their caregivers.

PURPOSE: Brain tumours represent a significant burden for patients and caregivers. The aims of the present study were to explore the perceived benefits of support groups for patients and their caregivers, as well as the barriers to participation, and to generate suggestions for improvement. METHODS: Brain tumour patients and caregivers were recruited from the brain tumour centre at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre to participate in focus groups. Focus groups were audio-recorded, transcribed, and thematically analysed using qualitative methods. Eight patients (five who had attended the support groups and three who had not) and eight caregivers (all of whom attended the groups) participated in separate focus groups. RESULTS: Five major themes emerged: group cohesion (e.g., camaraderie and kinship), motivating factors to attend (e.g., loneliness), logistical factors that affected attendance (e.g., transportation), structure and content of the group (e.g., discussion topics), and suggestions for improvement (e.g., receiving personal reminders). CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the supportive needs of brain tumour patients and their caregivers. The key findings provide helpful information on how to maximise the benefits of support groups for these populations.

Hysteroscopic resection in the management of early-stage endometrial cancer: report of 2 cases and review of the literature.

Although endometrial cancer, the most common gynecologic malignancy, is most often diagnosed in postmenopausal women, it affects young women who wish to preserve fertility. The purpose of this article is to describe 2 cases of stage IA endometrial cancer managed conservatively by a combination of hysteroscopic surgery and medical therapy for fertility-sparing purposes, one of which achieved successful pregnancy using assisted reproductive technology, and review the existing literature on the use of hysteroscopic resection in conservative management of endometrial cancer to preserve fertility. The addition of hysteroscopic resection to conservative management of early-stage endometrial carcinoma may be a way to improve response and recurrence rates in women wishing to preserve fertility and can offer other additional benefits, such as a shorter time period to remission and a faster return to fertility. Key factors to success with this approach include an interdisciplinary approach, thorough patient counseling, and the availability of a team experienced in hysteroscopic resection.

Postthrombotic syndrome following upper extremity deep vein thrombosis in children.

Despite its relatively estimated high occurrence, the characterization of pediatric upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (UE-DVT) and of UE postthrombotic syndrome (PTS) is still lacking. We investigated the occurrence, characteristics, and predictors of UE-PTS in a cohort of children with objectively confirmed UE-DVT. Patients were analyzed in 3 groups according to DVT pathogenesis and neonatal status: primary (G1), secondary neonates (G2neonates), and non-neonates (G2non-neonates). A total of 158 children (23 G1, 25 G2neonates, and 110 G2non-neonates) were included. The most common triggering factors were effort-related (87%) in G1 and central lines in G2neonates (100%) and in G2non-neonates (92%). PTS scores ≥1, as per the Modified Villalta Scale, were identified in 87% of primary patients, 16% of G2neonates, and 49% of G2non-neonates. Survival analysis showed that the time to PTS score ≥1 significantly differed among group (log-rank test P < .0001). A multivariable logistic regression showed that DVT pathogenesis and imaging-determined degree of thrombus resolution at the end of therapy were independent predictors of a PTS score ≥2. In conclusion, pediatric UE-PTS frequency and severity depend on UE-DVT pathogenesis (primary/secondary) and, within the secondary group, on patient's age. Line-related UE-PTS has a more benign course, particularly in neonates.