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1.
J Clin Oncol ; 37(26): 2338-2348, 2019 09 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31339827

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Older women with breast cancer remain under-represented in clinical trials. The Cancer and Leukemia Group B 49907 trial focused on women age 65 years and older. We previously reported the primary analysis after a median follow-up of 2.4 years. Standard adjuvant chemotherapy showed significant improvements in recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival compared with capecitabine. We now update results at a median follow-up of 11.4 years. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients age 65 years or older with early breast cancer were randomly assigned to either standard adjuvant chemotherapy (physician's choice of either cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil or cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin) or capecitabine. An adaptive Bayesian design was used to determine sample size and test noninferiority of capecitabine. The primary end point was RFS. RESULTS: The design stopped accrual with 633 patients at its first sample size assessment. RFS remains significantly longer for patients treated with standard chemotherapy. At 10 years, in patients treated with standard chemotherapy versus capecitabine, the RFS rates were 56% and 50%, respectively (hazard ratio [HR], 0.80; P = .03); breast cancer-specific survival rates were 88% and 82%, respectively (HR, 0.62; P = .03); and overall survival rates were 62% and 56%, respectively (HR, 0.84; P = .16). With longer follow-up, standard chemotherapy remains superior to capecitabine among hormone receptor-negative patients (HR, 0.66; P = .02), but not among hormone receptor-positive patients (HR, 0.89; P = .43). Overall, 43.9% of patients have died (13.1% from breast cancer, 16.4% from causes other than breast cancer, and 14.1% from unknown causes). Second nonbreast cancers occurred in 14.1% of patients. CONCLUSION: With longer follow-up, RFS remains superior for standard adjuvant chemotherapy versus capecitabine, especially in patients with hormone receptor-negative disease. Competing risks in this older population dilute overall survival benefits.


Assuntos
Antimetabólitos Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Capecitabina/uso terapêutico , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antimetabólitos Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Capecitabina/efeitos adversos , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Ciclofosfamida/administração & dosagem , Ciclofosfamida/efeitos adversos , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Doxorrubicina/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Fluoruracila/administração & dosagem , Fluoruracila/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Metotrexato/administração & dosagem , Metotrexato/efeitos adversos , Taxa de Sobrevida , Resultado do Tratamento
2.
Arch Pathol Lab Med ; 142(9): 1098-1105, 2018 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29697275

RESUMO

CONTEXT: - Graft-versus-host disease of the gastrointestinal tract is a common complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplant associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Accurate diagnosis can be difficult and is a truly clinicopathologic endeavor. OBJECTIVES: - To assess the diagnostic sensitivity of gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease using the 2015 National Institutes of Health (NIH) histology consensus guidelines and to analyze histologic findings that support the guidelines. DESIGN: - Patients with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants were identified via a retrospective search of our electronic medical records from January 1, 2005, to January 1, 2011. Endoscopies with available histology were reviewed by 2 pathologists using the 2015 NIH guidelines. The clinical diagnosis was used as the gold standard. A nontransplant set of endoscopic biopsies was used as a control. RESULTS: - Of the 250 total endoscopies, 217 (87%) had a clinical diagnosis of gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease. Use of the NIH consensus guidelines showed a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 65%. Thirty-seven of 58 (64%) cases with an initial false-negative histopathologic diagnosis were diagnosed as graft-versus-host disease on our review. CONCLUSIONS: - Use of the NIH histology consensus guidelines results in a high sensitivity and specificity, thereby decreasing false-negatives. Additionally, use of the NIH guidelines aids in creating uniformity and diagnostic clarity. Correlation with clinical and laboratory findings is critical in evaluating the differential diagnosis and to avoid false-positives. As expected, increased apoptosis with decreased inflammation was associated with a pathologic diagnosis of graft-versus-host disease and supports the NIH guidelines.


Assuntos
Gastroenteropatias/diagnóstico , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/diagnóstico , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos adversos , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Gastroenteropatias/etiologia , Gastroenteropatias/patologia , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/etiologia , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/patologia , Humanos , National Institutes of Health (U.S.) , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estados Unidos
3.
J Geriatr Oncol ; 9(3): 228-234, 2018 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29233548

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Actual weight-based (AWB) chemotherapy dosing is recommended for obese patients in the 2012 ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline. CALGB 49907, which utilized ABW-based adjuvant chemotherapy dosing, was a phase 3 trial in women age≥65years with early stage breast cancer, providing the opportunity to examine impact of such dosing on toxicities and outcome in older patients with breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adverse event data were available for 615 of 633 enrolled patients. Objectives were to assess grade≥3 hematologic/non-hematologic toxicities by treatment arm, age, study entry BSA/BMI, and relapse-free (RFS) and overall survival (OS) by BSA/BMI. RESULTS: The 615 patients were sub-grouped by BSA (quartiles) and standard BMI categories, with BMI underweight/normal weight categories combined. Overall, grade≥3 non-hematologic and hematologic toxicities occurred in 39.8% and 28.3% of patients, respectively. There were no significant differences in grade≥3 toxicities among BSA quartiles. However, more grade≥3 hematologic toxicities occurred in the underweight/normal weight BMI subgroup compared to overweight/obese subgroups (p=0.048). Type of chemotherapy and age had no impact on toxicity occurrence by BSA/BMI categories. RFS was superior in the 25th-50th BSA percentile patients in univariate analysis (p=0.042), as was OS in both univariate and multivariate analyses (p=0.007, p=0.009, respectively). No differences in RFS or OS were found by BMI categories. CONCLUSION: Obesity was not correlated with adverse relapse or survival outcome, and grade≥3 toxicities were not greater with ABW-based dosing. This supports safety and efficacy of ABW-based dosing as per the 2012 ASCO clinical practice guideline. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00024102 (49907).


Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Quimioterapia Adjuvante/efeitos adversos , Obesidade/complicações , Adenocarcinoma/complicações , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Índice de Massa Corporal , Tamanho Corporal , Neoplasias da Mama/complicações , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Humanos , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Estudos Retrospectivos
4.
Biol Blood Marrow Transplant ; 24(4): 734-740, 2018 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29246821

RESUMO

Gastrointestinal (GI) complications including graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in allogenic stem transplant recipients. Although several studies have previously looked into the acute GI complications, fewer smaller studies have reported late complications. In this large study we focus on the late (100 days post-transplant) GI complications in allogenic stem transplant recipients. In this single-center, retrospective study of all adult allogenic stem cell transplant recipients who had their transplant at Duke University over a 6-year period, 479 patients underwent allogenic stem cell transplant, of whom 392 recipients survived for at least 100 days post-transplant. Late GI symptoms were noted in 71 patients, prompting endoscopic evaluation. The primary endpoint of our study was the diagnosis of GI-GVHD based on endoscopic findings, whereas overall survival and nonrelapse mortality were the secondary endpoints. Of the 71 patients who underwent endoscopy, 45 (63%) had GI-GVHD. Of these 45 patients, 39 (87%) had late acute GVHD, 1 (2%) had chronic GVHD, and 5 patients (11%) had overlap disease. Of the patients who did not have GVHD, the symptoms were mostly related to infectious and inflammatory causes. Less common causes included drug toxicity, food intolerance, disease relapse, and motility issues. In a multivariate analysis the factors most indicative of GI-GVHD were histologic findings of apoptosis on the tissue specimen (odds ratio, 2.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.18 to 4.70; P = .015) and clinical findings of diarrhea (odds ratio, 5.43; 95% confidence interval, 1.25 to 23.54; P = .024). The median survival time from the first endoscopy was 8.5 months. The incidence of nonrelapse mortality at 6 months was 31% in patients with GI-GVHD and 19% in patients without GI-GVHD (P = .42). All patients with GI-GVHD were on steroid therapy, and 31% of them received total parenteral nutrition. In our population close to one-fifth of allogenic transplant recipients experienced late GI complications, warranting endoscopic evaluation. Most of these patients were found to have GI-GVHD that had a high incidence of nonrelapse mortality at 6 months and close to one-third of these patients needed total parenteral nutrition.


Assuntos
Gastroenteropatias/mortalidade , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/mortalidade , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Doença Aguda , Adulto , Idoso , Aloenxertos , Doença Crônica , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Endoscopia do Sistema Digestório , Feminino , Gastroenteropatias/etiologia , Gastroenteropatias/terapia , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/etiologia , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/terapia , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de Sobrevida
5.
Hematol Oncol ; 35(4): 752-759, 2017 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28105753

RESUMO

We retrospectively studied 340 fit patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who underwent autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). We hypothesized that progression-free survival (PFS) of older patients was non-inferior to that of younger patients after ASCT. Our null hypothesis was that the PFS hazard ratio (HR) for a 5-year increase in age was ≥1.05; the alternative (non-inferiority) hypothesis was that the HR was ≤1. The observed HR was 0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.86-1.03); since the CI upper bound was <1.05, we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that PFS in older patients was at least as good as in younger patients. We cannot reject an analogous null hypothesis for overall survival (HR 1.06 [95% CI 0.94-1.19]), since the CI upper bound >1.05. Toxicity was similar across ages and transplant-related mortality was minimal. 28% of subjects <65 versus 45% of those ≥65 received maintenance therapy. In summary, ASCT prolongs PFS equally well in older vs. younger adults. Although we cannot exclude maintenance as a confounder, these data support ASCT for fit seniors with MM.


Assuntos
Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/métodos , Mieloma Múltiplo/tratamento farmacológico , Condicionamento Pré-Transplante/métodos , Transplante Autólogo/métodos , Fatores Etários , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mieloma Múltiplo/mortalidade , Mieloma Múltiplo/terapia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de Sobrevida
6.
J Am Coll Surg ; 224(4): 688-694, 2017 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28089784

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Management of the axilla in stage II/III breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) is controversial. To understand current patterns of care, we collected axillary data from 2 NST trials: HER2-positive (Cancer and Leukemia Group B [CALGB] 40601) and triple-negative (CALGB 40603). STUDY DESIGN: Axillary evaluation pre- and post-NST was per the treating surgeon and could include sentinel node biopsy. Post-NST, node-positive patients were recommended to undergo axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). We report pre-NST histopathologic nodal evaluation and post-NST axillary surgical procedures with correlation to clinical and pathologic nodal status. RESULTS: Seven hundred and forty-two patients were treated, 704 had complete nodal data pre-NST and post-NST. Pre-NST, 422 (60%) of 704 patients underwent at least 1 procedure for axillary node evaluation (total of 468 procedures): fine needle aspiration (n = 234; 74% positive), core needle biopsy (n = 138; 72% positive), and sentinel node biopsy (n = 96; 33% positive). Pre-NST, 304 patients were considered node-positive. Post-NST, 304 of 704 patients (43%) underwent sentinel node biopsy; 44 were positive and 259 were negative (29 and 36 patients, respectively, had subsequent ALND). Three hundred and ninety-one (56%) patients went directly to post-NST ALND and 9 (1%) pre-NST node-positive patients had no post-NST axillary procedure. Post-NST, 170 (24%) of the 704 patients had residual axillary disease. Agreement between post-NST clinical and radiologic staging and post-NST histologic staging was strongest for node-negative (81%) and weaker for node-positive (N1 31%, N2 29%), with more than half of the clinically node-positive patients found to be pathologic negative (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest there is no widely accepted standard for axillary nodal evaluation pre-NST. Post-NST staging was highly concordant in patients with N0 disease, but poorly so in node-positive disease. Accurate methods are needed to identify post-NST patients without residual axillary disease to potentially spare ALND.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/terapia , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/terapia , Carcinoma Lobular/terapia , Excisão de Linfonodo/estatística & dados numéricos , Terapia Neoadjuvante , Padrões de Prática Médica/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Idoso , Axila , Biópsia/métodos , Biópsia/estatística & dados numéricos , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/metabolismo , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/patologia , Carcinoma Lobular/metabolismo , Carcinoma Lobular/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Linfonodos/diagnóstico por imagem , Linfonodos/patologia , Linfonodos/cirurgia , Metástase Linfática , Mastectomia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Receptor ErbB-2/metabolismo , Biópsia de Linfonodo Sentinela/estatística & dados numéricos , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/patologia , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/terapia , Estados Unidos
7.
J Clin Oncol ; 35(4): 421-431, 2017 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27992272

RESUMO

Purpose Despite increasing awareness of accrual challenges, it is unknown if accrual of older patients to breast cancer treatment trials is improving. Methods We examined accrual of older patients to Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology systemic therapy breast cancer trials during 1985-2012 and compared disease characteristics and reasons for therapy cessation for older (age ≥ 65 years and ≥ 70 years) versus younger (age < 65 years and < 70 years) participants. To examine accrual trends, we modeled age as a function of time, using logistic regression. Results Overall, 17% of study participants were ≥ 65 years of age. Approximately 15%, 24%, and 24% of participants in adjuvant, neoadjuvant, and metastatic trials were age ≥ 65 years, and 7%, 15%, and 13% were age ≥ 70 years, respectively. The odds of a patient age ≥ 65 years enrolling significantly increased over time for adjuvant trials (odds ratio [OR] per year, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.05) but decreased significantly for neoadjuvant and metastatic trials (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.58 to 0.67 and OR, 0.98, 95% CI, 0.97 to 1.00). Similar trends were seen for those age ≥ 70 years but these were statistically significant for adjuvant and neoadjuvant trials only (OR, 1.05, 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.07; and OR, 0.57, 95% CI, 0.52 to 0.62). In general, those age ≥ 65 years ( v those < 65 years) in adjuvant studies had a higher mean number of lymph nodes involved and more hormone receptor-negative tumors, although tumor sizes were similar. Early protocol treatment cessation was also more frequent in those age ≥ 65 years (50%) versus < 65 years (35.9%) across trials. Conclusion Older patients with breast cancer remain largely underrepresented in cooperative group therapeutic trials. We observed some improvement in accrual to adjuvant trials but worsening of accrual for neoadjuvant/metastatic trials. Novel strategies to increase accrual of older patients are critical to meaningfully change the evidence base for this growing patient population.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/terapia , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto/métodos , Seleção de Pacientes , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Quimioterapia Adjuvante/estatística & dados numéricos , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto/estatística & dados numéricos , Definição da Elegibilidade , Feminino , Humanos
8.
Breast Cancer Res Treat ; 160(2): 297-304, 2016 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27704226

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: It had been previously shown that patients who receive neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) are more likely to undergo breast-conserving therapy (BCT) than those who have primary surgery. However, the frequency with which patients who are not BCT-eligible prior to NST convert to BCT-eligible with treatment is unknown. To document this conversion rate in a subset of patients expected to have a high clinical response rate to NST, we studied surgical assessment and management of patients enrolled on a randomized neoadjuvant trial for stage II-III HER2-positive breast cancer (HER2 + BC)(CALGB 40601). METHODS: The treating surgeon assessed BCT candidacy based on clinico-radiographic criteria both before and after NST. Definitive breast surgical management was at surgeon and patient discretion. We sought to determine (1) the conversion rate from BCT-ineligible to BCT-eligible (2) the percentage of BCT-eligible patients who chose breast conservation, and (3) the rate of successful BCT. We also evaluated surgeon-determined factors for BCT-ineligibility and the correlation between BCT eligibility and pathologic complete response (pCR). RESULTS: Of 292 patients with pre- and post-NST surgical assessments, 59 % were non-BCT candidates at baseline. Of the 43 % of these patients who converted with NST, 67 % opted for BCT, with an 80 % success rate. NST increased the BCT-eligible rate from 41 to 64 %. Common factors cited for BCT-ineligibility prior to NST including tumor size (56 %) and probable poor cosmetic outcome (26 %) were reduced by 67 and 75 %, respectively, with treatment, while multicentricity, the second most common factor (33 %), fell by only 16 %. Since 23 % of the BCT-eligible patients chose mastectomy, BCT was the final surgical procedure in just 40 % of the patients. Patients considered BCT-eligible both at baseline and after NST had a pCR rate of 55 %, while patients who were BCT-ineligible prior to NST had the same pCR rate (44 %) whether they converted to BCT-eligible or not. CONCLUSIONS: Many patients with HER2 + BC deemed ineligible for BCT at baseline can be converted to BCT-eligible with NST; excluding patients with multicentric disease substantially increases that percentage. In converted patients who opt for BCT, the success rate is similar to that of patients considered BCT-eligible at baseline. Whether a BCT-ineligible patient converts to BCT eligibility or not does not appear to affect the likelihood of achieving a pCR. Despite the efficacy of NST in this patient cohort, only 40 % of patients had successful BCT; further research into why BCT-eligible patients often opt for mastectomy is needed.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Mastectomia Segmentar , Adulto , Idoso , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Humanos , Mastectomia , Mastectomia Segmentar/métodos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Terapia Neoadjuvante , Gradação de Tumores , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Receptor ErbB-2/metabolismo , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto Jovem
9.
J Clin Oncol ; 34(22): 2602-9, 2016 08 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27138575

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To investigate whether anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy with bevacizumab prolongs progression-free survival (PFS) when added to first-line letrozole as treatment of hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Women with hormone receptor-positive MBC were randomly assigned 1:1 in a multicenter, open-label, phase III trial of letrozole (2.5 mg orally per day) with or without bevacizumab (15 mg/kg intravenously once every 3 weeks) within strata defined by measurable disease and disease-free interval. This trial had 90% power to detect a 50% improvement in median PFS from 6 to 9 months. Using a one-sided α = .025, a target sample size of 352 patients was planned. RESULTS: From May 2008 to November 2011, 350 women were recruited; 343 received treatment and were observed for efficacy and safety. Median age was 58 years (range, 25 to 87 years). Sixty-two percent had measurable disease, and 45% had de novo MBC. At a median follow-up of 39 months, the addition of bevacizumab resulted in a significant reduction in the hazard of progression (hazard ratio, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.59 to 0.96; P = .016) and a prolongation in median PFS from 15.6 months with letrozole to 20.2 months with letrozole plus bevacizumab. There was no significant difference in overall survival (hazard ratio, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.65 to 1.18; P = .188), with median overall survival of 43.9 months with letrozole versus 47.2 months with letrozole plus bevacizumab. The largest increases in incidence of grade 3 to 4 treatment-related toxicities with the addition of bevacizumab were hypertension (24% v 2%) and proteinuria (11% v 0%). CONCLUSION: The addition of bevacizumab to letrozole improved PFS in hormone receptor-positive MBC, but this benefit was associated with a markedly increased risk of grade 3 to 4 toxicities. Research on predictive markers will be required to clarify the role of bevacizumab in this setting.


Assuntos
Inibidores da Angiogênese/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Bevacizumab/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Nitrilas/uso terapêutico , Pós-Menopausa , Triazóis/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Letrozol , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nitrilas/administração & dosagem , Resultado do Tratamento , Triazóis/administração & dosagem
10.
J Clin Oncol ; 34(7): 699-705, 2016 Mar 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26755510

RESUMO

PURPOSE: CALGB 49907 showed the superiority of standard therapy, which included either cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin (AC) or cyclophosphamide/methotrexate/fluorouracil over single-agent capecitabine in the treatment of patients age ≥ 65 with early-stage breast cancer. The treatment allowed dosing adjustments of methotrexate and capecitabine for pretreatment renal function. The purpose of the current analysis was to assess the relationship between pretreatment renal function and five end points: toxicity, dose modification, therapy completion, relapse-free survival, and overall survival. METHODS: Pretreatment renal function was defined as creatinine clearance (CrCl) using the Cockcroft-Gault equation. Multivariable logistic and proportional hazards regression were used to model separately for each regimen the relationship between CrCl and the first three binary end points and the last two time-to-event end points, respectively, after adjusting for variables of prognostic importance. RESULTS: Six hundred nineteen assessable patients were analyzed. The incidence of stage III (moderate) or stage IV (severe) renal dysfunction was 72%, 64%, and 75% for treatment with cyclophosphamide/methotrexate/fluorouracil, AC, and capecitabine, respectively. There was no relationship for any regimen between pretreatment renal function and the five end points. For AC, as CrCl increased, the odds of nonhematologic toxicity decreased (P = .008), whereas for capecitabine, as CrCl increased, the odds of experiencing toxicity of any type also increased (P = .035). Patients with renal insufficiency who received dose modifications were not at increased risk for complications compared with those who did not have renal insufficiency and received a full dose. CONCLUSION: Excluding from clinical trials patients with renal insufficiency but good performance status on the basis of concern of excessive hematologic toxicity or poor outcomes may not be justified with appropriate dosing modifications. Results should be considered in the design of clinical trials for older patients.


Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Insuficiência Renal/fisiopatologia , Idoso , Inibidores da Aromatase/administração & dosagem , Capecitabina/administração & dosagem , Creatinina/urina , Ciclofosfamida/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Fluoruracila/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Testes de Função Renal , Metotrexato/administração & dosagem , Prognóstico , Insuficiência Renal/induzido quimicamente , Taxa de Sobrevida , Tamoxifeno/administração & dosagem , Resultado do Tratamento
11.
J Clin Oncol ; 34(6): 542-9, 2016 Feb 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26527775

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Dual human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) targeting can increase pathologic complete response rates (pCRs) to neoadjuvant therapy and improve progression-free survival in metastatic disease. CALGB 40601 examined the impact of dual HER2 blockade consisting of trastuzumab and lapatinib added to paclitaxel, considering tumor and microenvironment molecular features. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with stage II to III HER2-positive breast cancer underwent tumor biopsy followed by random assignment to paclitaxel plus trastuzumab alone (TH) or with the addition of lapatinib (THL) for 16 weeks before surgery. An investigational arm of paclitaxel plus lapatinib (TL) was closed early. The primary end point was pCR in the breast; correlative end points focused on molecular features identified by gene expression-based assays. RESULTS: Among 305 randomly assigned patients (THL, n = 118; TH, n = 120; TL, n = 67), the pCR rate was 56% (95% CI, 47% to 65%) with THL and 46% (95% CI, 37% to 55%) with TH (P = .13), with no effect of dual therapy in the hormone receptor-positive subset but a significant increase in pCR with dual therapy in those with hormone receptor-negative disease (P = .01). The tumors were molecularly heterogeneous by gene expression analysis using mRNA sequencing (mRNAseq). pCR rates significantly differed by intrinsic subtype (HER2 enriched, 70%; luminal A, 34%; luminal B, 36%; P < .001). In multivariable analysis treatment arm, intrinsic subtype, HER2 amplicon gene expression, p53 mutation signature, and immune cell signatures were independently associated with pCR. Post-treatment residual disease was largely luminal A (69%). CONCLUSION: pCR to dual HER2-targeted therapy was not significantly higher than single HER2 targeting. Tissue analysis demonstrated a high degree of intertumoral heterogeneity with respect to both tumor genomics and tumor microenvironment that significantly affected pCR rates. These factors should be considered when interpreting and designing trials in HER2-positive disease.


Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Mama/química , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma/química , Carcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Expressão Gênica , Receptor ErbB-2/antagonistas & inibidores , Adulto , Idoso , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Carcinoma/cirurgia , Receptor alfa de Estrogênio/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/metabolismo , Lapatinib , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Terapia Neoadjuvante , Neoplasia Residual , Paclitaxel/administração & dosagem , Quinazolinas/administração & dosagem , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Receptor ErbB-2/genética , Receptores de Estrogênio/análise , Receptores de Progesterona/análise , Trastuzumab/administração & dosagem , Resultado do Tratamento , Microambiente Tumoral , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/genética , Adulto Jovem
12.
Ann Surg ; 262(3): 434-9; discussion 438-9, 2015 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26222764

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) at increasing the rate of successful breast-conserving therapy (BCT) in triple negative breast cancer. BACKGROUND: Inducing tumor regression to permit BCT is often cited to support administration of NST. To quantify this benefit, we conducted a surgical companion study to CALGB40603, a randomized phase II, 2×2 factorial trial of neoadjuvant paclitaxel ± carboplatin ± bevacizumab (B) followed by doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide ± B in stage II-III triple negative breast cancer. METHODS: Before and after NST, treating surgeons evaluated BCT candidacy by clinico-radiographic criteria; surgery performed was at surgeon and patient discretion. We measured (1) conversion rates from BCT-ineligible to BCT-eligible, (2) surgical choices in BCT candidates, and (3) rates of successful BCT with tumor-free margins. RESULTS: Four hundred four patients were assessable for surgical outcomes. Two hundred nineteen (54%) were BCT candidates before NST. One hundred ninety-seven (90%) remained BCT candidates after NST, of whom 138 (70%) chose BCT, which was successful in 130 (94%). Of 185 (46%) who were not BCT candidates before NST, 78 (42%) converted to candidates with NST. Of these, 53 (68%) chose BCT with a 91% (48/53) success rate. The overall BCT-eligibility rate rose from 54% to 68% (275/404) with NST. Addition of carboplatin, B, or both increased conversion rates. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to document prospectively a 42% conversion rate from BCT-ineligible to BCT-eligible, resulting in a 14% absolute increase in BCT eligibility. BCT was successful in 93% of patients who opted for it, but 31% of BCT-eligible patients still chose mastectomy.


Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Mastectomia Segmentar/métodos , Terapia Neoadjuvante , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/mortalidade , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/terapia , Adulto , Idoso , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/administração & dosagem , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/efeitos adversos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Bevacizumab , Carboplatina/administração & dosagem , Carboplatina/efeitos adversos , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Doxorrubicina/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Dose Máxima Tolerável , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Invasividade Neoplásica/patologia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Paclitaxel/administração & dosagem , Paclitaxel/efeitos adversos , Seleção de Pacientes , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Análise de Sobrevida , Resultado do Tratamento , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/patologia , Adulto Jovem
13.
J Natl Cancer Inst ; 107(9)2015 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26113580

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Obesity at diagnosis is associated with poor prognosis in women with breast cancer, but few reports have been adjusted for treatment factors. METHODS: CALGB 9741 was a randomized trial of dose density and sequence of chemotherapy for node-positive breast cancer. All patients received doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and paclitaxel, dosed by actual body weight. Height and weight at diagnosis were abstracted from patient records, and the PAM50 assay was performed from archived specimens using the NanoString platform. Relationships between body mass index (BMI), PAM50, and recurrence-free and overall survival (RFS and OS) were evaluated using proportional hazards regression, adjusting for number of involved nodes, estrogen receptor (ER) status, tumor size, menopausal status, drug sequence, and dose density. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: Baseline height and weight were available for 1909 of 2005 enrolled patients; 1272 additionally had subtype determination by PAM50. Median baseline BMI was 27.4kg/m(2). After 11 years of median follow-up, there were 619 RFS events and 543 deaths. Baseline BMI was a statistically significant predictor of RFS (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] for each five-unit increase in BMI = 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02 to 1.14, P = .01) and OS (adjusted HR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.14, P = .02) BMI and molecular phenotypes were independent prognostic factors for RFS, with no statistically significant interactions detected. CONCLUSIONS: BMI at diagnosis was a statistically significant prognostic factor in a group of patients receiving optimally dosed chemotherapy. Additional research is needed to determine the impact of weight loss on breast cancer outcomes and to evaluate whether this impact is maintained across tumor subtypes.


Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Índice de Massa Corporal , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Linfonodos/patologia , Receptores de Estrogênio/análise , Adulto , Idoso , Neoplasias da Mama/química , Ciclofosfamida/administração & dosagem , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Esquema de Medicação , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Metástase Linfática , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/diagnóstico , Paclitaxel/administração & dosagem , Resultado do Tratamento
14.
J Clin Oncol ; 33(21): 2361-9, 2015 Jul 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26056183

RESUMO

PURPOSE: We compared nab-paclitaxel or ixabepilone once per week to paclitaxel with bevacizumab as first-line therapy for patients with advanced breast cancer (BC) to evaluate progression-free survival (PFS) for nab-paclitaxel or ixabepilone versus paclitaxel. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eligible patients were age ≥ 18 years with chemotherapy-naive advanced BC. Patients were randomly assigned to bevacizumab with paclitaxel 90 mg/m(2) (arm A), nab-paclitaxel 150 mg/m(2) (arm B), or ixabepilone 16 mg/m(2) (arm C), once per week for 3 of 4 weeks. Planned enrollment was 900 patients, which would give 88% power to detect a hazard ratio of 0.73. RESULTS: In all, 799 patients were enrolled, and 783 received treatment (97% received bevacizumab). Arm C was closed for futility at the first interim analysis (n = 241), and arm A (n = 267) and arm B (n = 275) were closed for futility at the second interim analysis. Median PFS for paclitaxel was 11 months, ixabepilone was inferior to paclitaxel (PFS, 7.4 months; hazard ratio, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.31 to 1.93; P < .001), and nab-paclitaxel was not superior to paclitaxel (PFS, 9.3 months; hazard ratio, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.45; P = .054). Results were concordant with overall survival; time to treatment failure was significantly shorter in both experimental arms v paclitaxel. Hematologic and nonhematologic toxicity, including peripheral neuropathy, was increased with nab-paclitaxel, with more frequent and earlier dose reductions. CONCLUSION: In patients with chemotherapy-naive advanced BC, ixabepilone once per week was inferior to paclitaxel, and nab-paclitaxel was not superior with a trend toward inferiority. Toxicity was increased in the experimental arms, particularly for nab-paclitaxel. Paclitaxel once per week remains the preferred palliative chemotherapy in this setting.


Assuntos
Albuminas/administração & dosagem , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Epotilonas/administração & dosagem , Paclitaxel/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/administração & dosagem , Bevacizumab , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Esquema de Medicação , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nanopartículas , Metástase Neoplásica , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/tratamento farmacológico , Resultado do Tratamento
15.
J Clin Oncol ; 33(1): 13-21, 2015 Jan 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25092775

RESUMO

PURPOSE: One third of patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) achieve pathologic complete response (pCR) with standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). CALGB 40603 (Alliance), a 2 × 2 factorial, open-label, randomized phase II trial, evaluated the impact of adding carboplatin and/or bevacizumab. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients (N = 443) with stage II to III TNBC received paclitaxel 80 mg/m(2) once per week (wP) for 12 weeks, followed by doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide once every 2 weeks (ddAC) for four cycles, and were randomly assigned to concurrent carboplatin (area under curve 6) once every 3 weeks for four cycles and/or bevacizumab 10 mg/kg once every 2 weeks for nine cycles. Effects of adding these agents on pCR breast (ypT0/is), pCR breast/axilla (ypT0/isN0), treatment delivery, and toxicities were analyzed. RESULTS: Patients assigned to either carboplatin or bevacizumab were less likely to complete wP and ddAC without skipped doses, dose modification, or early discontinuation resulting from toxicity. Grade ≥ 3 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were more common with carboplatin, as were hypertension, infection, thromboembolic events, bleeding, and postoperative complications with bevacizumab. Employing one-sided P values, addition of either carboplatin (60% v 44%; P = .0018) or bevacizumab (59% v 48%; P = .0089) significantly increased pCR breast, whereas only carboplatin (54% v 41%; P = .0029) significantly raised pCR breast/axilla. More-than-additive interactions between the two agents could not be demonstrated. CONCLUSION: In stage II to III TNBC, addition of either carboplatin or bevacizumab to NACT increased pCR rates, but whether this will improve relapse-free or overall survival is unknown. Given results from recently reported adjuvant trials, further investigation of bevacizumab in this setting is unlikely, but the role of carboplatin could be evaluated in definitive studies, ideally limited to biologically defined patient subsets most likely to benefit from this agent.


Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/administração & dosagem , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/efeitos adversos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Bevacizumab , Carboplatina/administração & dosagem , Carboplatina/efeitos adversos , Ciclofosfamida/administração & dosagem , Ciclofosfamida/efeitos adversos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Doxorrubicina/efeitos adversos , Esquema de Medicação , Fadiga/induzido quimicamente , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/induzido quimicamente , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Terapia Neoadjuvante , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Neutropenia/induzido quimicamente , Paclitaxel/administração & dosagem , Paclitaxel/efeitos adversos , Indução de Remissão , Trombocitopenia/induzido quimicamente , Resultado do Tratamento
17.
J Clin Oncol ; 32(35): 3959-66, 2014 Dec 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25348000

RESUMO

PURPOSE: CALGB 40302 sought to determine whether lapatinib would improve progression-free survival (PFS) among women with hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer treated with fulvestrant. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eligible women had estrogen receptor-positive and/or progesterone receptor-positive tumors, regardless of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status, and prior aromatase inhibitor treatment. Patients received fulvestrant 500 mg intramuscularly on day 1, followed by 250 mg on days 15 and 28 and every 4 weeks thereafter, and either lapatinib 1,500 mg or placebo daily. The study planned to accrue 324 patients and was powered for a 50% improvement in PFS with lapatinib from 5 to 7.5 months. RESULTS: At the third planned interim analysis, the futility boundary was crossed, and the data and safety monitoring board recommend study closure, having accrued 295 patients. At the final analysis, there was no difference in PFS (hazard ratio [HR] of placebo to lapatinib, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.82 to 1.33; P = .37); median PFS was 4.7 months for fulvestrant plus lapatinib versus 3.8 months for fulvestrant plus placebo. There was no difference in overall survival (OS) (HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.68 to 1.21; P = .25). For HER2-normal tumors, median PFS did not differ by treatment arm (4.1 v 3.8 months). For HER2-positive tumors, lapatinib was associated with longer median PFS (5.9 v 3.3 months), but the differential treatment effect by HER2 status was not significant (P = .53). The most frequent toxicities were diarrhea, fatigue, and rash associated with lapatinib. CONCLUSION: Adding lapatinib to fulvestrant does not improve PFS or OS in advanced ER-positive breast cancer and is more toxic.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Estradiol/análogos & derivados , Quinazolinas/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Idoso , Antineoplásicos Hormonais/administração & dosagem , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Método Duplo-Cego , Estradiol/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Fulvestranto , Hormônios/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Lapatinib , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pós-Menopausa , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Receptor ErbB-2/metabolismo , Receptores de Estrogênio/metabolismo , Receptores de Progesterona/metabolismo , Resultado do Tratamento
18.
J Clin Oncol ; 32(22): 2311-7, 2014 Aug 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24934787

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Optimal adjuvant chemotherapy for early-stage breast cancer balances efficacy and toxicity. We sought to determine whether single-agent paclitaxel (T) was inferior to doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (AC), when each was administered for four or six cycles of therapy, and whether it offered less toxicity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with operable breast cancer with 0 to 3 positive nodes were enrolled onto the study to address the noninferiority of single-agent T to AC, defined as the one-sided 95% upper-bound CI (UCB) of hazard ratio (HR) of T versus AC less than 1.30 for the primary end point of relapse-free survival (RFS). As a 2 × 2 factorial design, duration of therapy was also addressed and was previously reported. RESULTS: With 3,871 patients enrolled onto the trial, a median follow-up period of 6.1 years, and 437 RFS events, we achieved an HR of 1.26 (one sided 95% UCB, 1.48; favoring AC does not allow a conclusion of noninferiority of T with AC; UCB > 1.3). With 266 patient deaths, the HR for overall survival (OS) was 1.27 favoring AC (UCB, 1.56). The estimated absolute advantage of AC at 5 years is 3% for RFS (91 v 88%) and 1% for OS (95 v 94%). All nine treatment-related deaths were patients receiving AC and are included in the analyses of both RFS and OS. Hematologic toxicity was more common in patients treated with AC, and neuropathy was more common in patients treated with T. CONCLUSION: This trial did not show noninferiority of T to AC, a conclusion that is unlikely to change with additional events and follow-up. T was less toxic than AC.


Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Paclitaxel/uso terapêutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Ciclofosfamida/administração & dosagem , Ciclofosfamida/efeitos adversos , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Doxorrubicina/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Metástase Linfática , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Paclitaxel/efeitos adversos , Resultado do Tratamento
19.
Semin Oncol Nurs ; 30(1): 74-9, 2014 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24559783

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To review study design issues related to clinical trials led by oncology nurses, with special attention to those conducted within the cooperative group setting; to emphasize the importance of the statistician's role in the process of clinical trials. DATA SOURCES: Studies available at clinicaltrials.gov using experimental designs that have been published in peer-reviewed journals; cooperative group trials are highlighted. CONCLUSION: The clinical trial is a primary means to test intervention efficacy. A properly designed and powered study with clear and measurable objectives is as important as the intervention itself. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Collaboration among the study team, including the statistician, is central in developing and conducting appropriately designed studies. For optimal results, collaboration is an ongoing process that should begin early on.


Assuntos
Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Projetos de Pesquisa , Humanos
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