Medical-claims databases in the design of a health-outcomes comparison of quetiapine ('Seroquel') and usual-care antipsychotic medication.

Treating schizophrenia is expensive. Preventing rehospitalization of patients with schizophrenia provides an attractive opportunity for cost savings, especially for patients with 'revolving-door' or multiple-episode schizophrenia. Reducing the occurrence of extrapyramidal symptoms and other adverse events associated with standard antipsychotic agents may increase compliance and reduce the rate of rehospitalization of patients with schizophrenia. Quetiapine ('Seroquel', ICI 204,636, Zeneca Pharmaceuticals) is a new dibenzothiazepine antipsychotic agent with a low propensity for extrapyramidal symptoms. We describe here a unique methodology to compare quetiapine with usual-care medications in real-world treatment settings. The trial objective is to determine if therapy with this new atypical antipsychotic agent can reduce the rate of rehospitalization and, therefore, treatment costs. Using two secondary medical-claims databases, we defined the minimal threshold for revolving-door status as 1.0 admission per year; this definition allows our trial to focus on the subpopulation of schizophrenic patients with the greatest potential for cost savings by either the new atypical antipsychotic quetiapine or usual-care therapy. We describe here the approach used in our trial.

Diffusion of oxygen in plasma and blood.

D in fresh human plasma has been found to decrease almost linearly with total protein content over a wide range of concentration and to vary only +/-4% in normals and +/-13% in abnormals. The average values for D in normal human plasma, at 25 and 37 degrees C, are 1.62 and 2.18 X 10(-5) cm2/sec respectively. For normal human blood at 42% hematocrit, the values of D, at 25 and 37 degrees C, are 1.20 and 1.62 X 10(-5) cm2/sec respectively.