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1.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 45(4): 310-315, dic. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-978091

RESUMO

RESUMEN Se decidió estudiar el efecto que la cocción y el congelamiento sucesivos tiene sobre contenido de almidones y el índice glicémico (IG) de un alimento a base de harina de maíz (bollo). Se elaboró el alimento y se sometió congelamiento y cocción un par de veces. El contenido de almidones se comparó con el de la harina de maíz pre-cocida y se encontraron diferencias significativas (F = 5,84; p = 0,005), con un incremento importante del contenido de almidón resistente debido a los tratamientos térmicos. Se elaboraron curvas de glicemia a una muestra de individuos sanos, a los que se dio a consumir el alimento sometido a los diferentes tratamientos y pan integral. Se encontraron diferencias significativas (F= 4,21; p= 0,034) y un IG de 67,9 para el bollo sometido a tres procesos de cocción y dos congelamientos. Indicativo de que los procesos térmicos provocaron la aparición de una proporción de almidón retrogradado equivalente a fibra dietética que puede ser beneficioso para el organismo.


ABSTRACT We studied the effect that subsequent cooking and freezing has on the starch content and the glycemic index (GI) of a corn flour-based food (bun). The food was made and exposed to cooking and freezing a couple of times. The starch content was compared with that of precooked corn flour and significant differences were found (F = 5.84; p = 0.005), with an important increase in the retrograded starch content due to thermic treatments. Glycemic response curves were conducted for a sample of healthy individuals, who consumed the food submitted to the treatments and wholegrain bread. Significant differences were found (F = 4.21; p= 0.034) and a GI of 67.9 for the bun submitted to three cooking and two freezing processes. Results suggest that the thermic treatments induced the appearance of a retrograded starch proportion equivalent to dietary fiber which could be beneficial for the body.


Assuntos
Amido , Fibras na Dieta , Farinha , Alimentos , Zea mays , Índice Glicêmico
2.
Gac. sanit. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 32(supl.1): 59-62, oct. 2018.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-174231

RESUMO

La implementación local de la Estrategia de Promoción de la Salud y Prevención en el Sistema Nacional de Salud se presenta como una oportunidad para avanzar en promoción de la salud. Aunque existen diferentes visiones desde los ámbitos municipal, autonómico y nacional, así como desde la salud pública y desde la atención primaria, hay consenso en cuanto a que es necesario impulsar las estrategias de salud local. Se deben establecer mecanismos de coordinación que faciliten el trabajo multinivel e intersectorial. La implementación local debe avanzar en la promoción de la participación ciudadana y la salud comunitaria, más allá de la elaboración del mapa de recursos


The local implementation of the Prevention and Health Promotion Strategy of the National Health System is presented as an opportunity to advance in health promotion. Although there are different visions from the municipal, regional and national levels, as well as from public health and from primary care, there is a consensus that it is necessary to promote local health strategies. Coordination mechanisms should be established to facilitate multilevel and intersectoral work. Local implementation must advance in the promotion of citizen participation and community health, beyond the preparation of the resource map


Assuntos
Humanos , Centros Comunitários de Saúde/organização & administração , Planejamento em Saúde Comunitária/organização & administração , Participação da Comunidade/tendências , Promoção da Saúde/organização & administração , Estratégias de Saúde Locais , Cidade Saudável , Programas Gente Saudável/organização & administração , Atenção Primária à Saúde/organização & administração
3.
Gac Sanit ; 32 Suppl 1: 59-62, 2018 10.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30031658

RESUMO

The local implementation of the Prevention and Health Promotion Strategy of the National Health System is presented as an opportunity to advance in health promotion. Although there are different visions from the municipal, regional and national levels, as well as from public health and from primary care, there is a consensus that it is necessary to promote local health strategies. Coordination mechanisms should be established to facilitate multilevel and intersectoral work. Local implementation must advance in the promotion of citizen participation and community health, beyond the preparation of the resource map.


Assuntos
Atenção à Saúde/organização & administração , Promoção da Saúde/organização & administração , Humanos , Prevenção Primária , Relatório de Pesquisa , Sociedades Médicas , Espanha
4.
An. pediatr. (2003. Ed. impr.) ; 89(1): 32-43, jul. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-176980

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: La lactancia materna tiene importantes beneficios para la salud poblacional. Los objetivos de este estudio son: a) conocer la prevalencia y duración de la lactancia materna y lactancia materna exclusiva; b) analizar las razones de no inicio y de abandono de la lactancia materna, y c) describir los factores asociados a la lactancia materna exclusiva y con su mantenimiento durante 6meses. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal a partir de datos basales de la cohorte ELOIN, obtenidos por cuestionario epidemiológico. Se estudió una muestra de 2.627 niños de 4años nacidos en 2008-2009 de la Comunidad de Madrid. Se utilizaron modelos de regresión logística. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de lactancia materna exclusiva y lactancia materna fue del 77,6 y del 88%, respectivamente; la lactancia materna exclusiva a los 6 meses fue del 25,4%, y la lactancia materna a los 2 años, del 7,7%. Las razones principales de finalización de la lactancia fueron la producción insuficiente de leche (36%) y la incorporación al trabajo (25,9%). Las variables asociadas con el inicio o mantenimiento de la lactancia materna exclusiva fueron: madre de más de 35años, estatus económico medio-alto, extranjera con menos de 10 años de residencia en España y haber participado en taller de lactancia tras el parto. CONCLUSIONES: La prevalencia de lactancia materna en la Comunidad de Madrid no alcanzó en 2008-2009 las recomendaciones internacionales. Es necesario intensificar estrategias de promoción, protección y apoyo a la lactancia materna, incluyendo su monitorización periódica


INTRODUCTION: Breastfeeding has important benefits for population health. The aims of this study are: (I) to determine the prevalence and duration of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding; (II) analyse the reasons for not starting or abandoning of breastfeeding, and (III) describe the factors associated with the initiation and duration of exclusive breastfeeding. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross sectional study using the baseline data of the ELOIN cohort, obtained using an epidemiological questionnaire. A sample of 2,627 children born in 2008-2009 from the Community of Madrid was studied. Logistic regression models were used. RESULTS: Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding and breastfeeding was 77.6% and 88% respectively; prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months 25.4%, and prevalence of breastfeeding at 2 years was 7.7%. The most common reasons for abandoning breastfeeding were insufficient milk (36%), and incorporation to work (25.9%). The variables associated with starting or maintaining of exclusive breastfeeding were: mother older than 35 years, medium-high economic status, foreigner residing in Spain less than 10 years, and having participated in a breastfeeding workshop. CONCLUSIONS: Breastfeeding prevalence in the Community of Madrid did not reach the international recommendations in 2008-2009. It is necessary to intensify strategies for breastfeeding promotion, protection, and support, including their periodic monitoring


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Adulto Jovem , Aleitamento Materno/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamento Materno/psicologia , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Espanha/epidemiologia , Fatores de Tempo , Saúde da População Urbana
5.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth ; 18(1): 59, 2018 02 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29482516

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization leads a global strategy to promote the initiation and maintenance of breast-feeding. Existing literature shows that education and supportive interventions, both for breast-feeding mothers as well as for healthcare professionals, can increase the proportion of women that use exclusive breast-feeding, however, more evidence is needed on the effectiveness of group interventions. METHODS: This study involves a community-based cluster randomised trial conducted at Primary Healthcare Centres in the Community of Madrid (Spain). The project aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational group intervention performed by primary healthcare professionals in increasing the proportion of mother-infant pairs using exclusive breastfeeding at six months compared to routine practice. The number of patients required will be 432 (216 in each arm). All mother-infant pairs using exclusive breastfeeding that seek care or information at healthcare centres will be included, as long as the infant is not older than four weeks, and the mother has used exclusive breastfeeding in the last 24 h and who gives consent to participate. The main response variable is mother-infant pairs using exclusive breast-feeding at six months. Main effectiveness will be analysed by comparing the proportion of mother-infant pairs using exclusive breast-feeding at six months between the intervention group and the control group. All statistical tests will be performed with intention-to-treat. The estimation will be adjusted using an explanatory logistic regression model. A survival analysis will be used to compare the two groups using the log-rank test to assess the effect of the intervention on the duration of breastfeeding. The control of potential confounding variables will be performed through the construction of Cox regression models. DISCUSSION: We must implement strategies with scientific evidence to improve the percentage of exclusive breast-feeding at six months in our environment as established by the WHO. Group education is an instrument used by professionals in Primary Care that favours the acquisition of skills and modification of already-acquired behaviour, all making it a potential method of choice to improve rates of exclusive breast-feeding in this period. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov under code number NCT01869920 (Date of registration: June 3, 2013).


Assuntos
Aleitamento Materno , Atenção à Saúde/métodos , Educação não Profissionalizante/métodos , Processos Grupais , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Adulto , Aleitamento Materno/métodos , Aleitamento Materno/psicologia , Aleitamento Materno/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Motivação , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde
6.
An Pediatr (Engl Ed) ; 89(1): 32-43, 2018 Jul.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29103921

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Breastfeeding has important benefits for population health. The aims of this study are: (i)to determine the prevalence and duration of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding; (ii)analyse the reasons for not starting or abandoning of breastfeeding, and (iii)describe the factors associated with the initiation and duration of exclusive breastfeeding. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross sectional study using the baseline data of the ELOIN cohort, obtained using an epidemiological questionnaire. A sample of 2,627 children born in 2008-2009 from the Community of Madrid was studied. Logistic regression models were used. RESULTS: Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding and breastfeeding was 77.6% and 88% respectively; prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding at 6months 25.4%, and prevalence of breastfeeding at 2years was 7.7%. The most common reasons for abandoning breastfeeding were insufficient milk (36%), and incorporation to work (25.9%). The variables associated with starting or maintaining of exclusive breastfeeding were: mother older than 35years, medium-high economic status, foreigner residing in Spain less than 10 years, and having participated in a breastfeeding workshop. CONCLUSIONS: Breastfeeding prevalence in the Community of Madrid did not reach the international recommendations in 2008-2009. It is necessary to intensify strategies for breastfeeding promotion, protection, and support, including their periodic monitoring.


Assuntos
Aleitamento Materno/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamento Materno , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Comportamento Materno/psicologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Espanha , Fatores de Tempo , Saúde da População Urbana , Adulto Jovem
7.
J Pediatr Hematol Oncol ; 35(5): e194-9, 2013 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23652875

RESUMO

The use of intensive chemotherapy and central devices has improved patients survival, but it is associated with catheter-related blood-stream infections (CRBSI). An educational program was instituted for preventing CRBSI occurrence in acute leukemia pediatric patients having totally implanted central devices. The Centers of Disease Control and Prevention criteria were used as definition for CRBSI. Data collected were age, sex, diagnosis, chemotherapy, inpatient versus outpatient, microbiological data, risk factors, social risk score, and treatment performed. CRBSI rate decreased from 6.7 to 3.7/1000 catheter-days with preventive measures (P=0.05). A further decrease to 1.5/1000 catheter-days was reached after the intensification of the educational program (P=0.01). Severe neutropenia at the time of catheter insertion was related to CRBSI and to infection recurrence (P<0.05). Most of the episodes occurred during induction chemotherapy. Thirty-six CRBSI episodes occurred in 25 of 73 patients. The most frequent microorganism isolated was Staphylococcus spp. Antibiotherapy was successful in 83.3% of episodes. Six patients needed a central venous access device replacement. Our intervention program was successful to decrease the CRBSI rates and its intensification allowed a further decrease, approaching reported rates in this setting. Severe neutropenia at the time of central venous access device insertion was related to CRBSI occurrence and recurrence.


Assuntos
Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/prevenção & controle , Cateterismo Venoso Central/efeitos adversos , Cateteres Venosos Centrais/efeitos adversos , Controle de Infecções/métodos , Leucemia/tratamento farmacológico , Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Bacteriemia/prevenção & controle , Bacteriemia/transmissão , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Infecção Hospitalar/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Controle de Infecções/instrumentação , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa do Profissional para o Paciente/prevenção & controle , Masculino , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros , Médicos , Estudos Prospectivos
8.
Actual. anestesiol ; 6(2): 143-62, mayo-ago. 1991. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-141383

RESUMO

Se estudiaron veinte pacientes con edades comprendidas entre 20 y 50 años, sometidos a cirugía electiva. Se utilizó el sistema anestésico lineal Bain. Fueron divididos en dos grupos: a) con peso promedio de 65 Kg y b) con 71 Kg de peso; en este grupo se adaptó al sistema Bain un acelerador de flujo (Revell), con la finalidad de comprobar si se disminuía la retención inspiratoria de CO2 utilizando los flujos bajos. En ambos grupos se comenzó el acto anestésico con FGF = 100 ml/Kg/min y se conecta el circulador Revell. Se midieron gases arteriales (pH,PaCO2, PaO2, HCO3). La diferencia obtenida no fue estadísticamente significativa. Durante la anestesia general inhalatoria, los gases pasan a través de una serie de conductos interpuestos entre la máquina de anestesia y el paciente, los cuales permiten la entrada de gases y vapores hacia el paciente y la salida de gases espirados. Existen diversas clasificaciones de los circuitos anestésicos y nomenclaturas confusas. La más comúnmente utilizada (Baraka, 1977) se basa en la eliminación de CO2, la cual puede ser por arrastre producido por el influjo de gases frescos (FGF) o por absorción (a través de la cal soldada).I. Circuitos por arrastre de CO2. a. Abiertos (sin bolsa reservorio). -Máscaras. -Insuflación. -Pieza T de Ayre. b. Semiabiertos (con bolsa reservorio). -Circuito Magill. -Sistema Bain. -Sistema Jackson-Ress. -Sistema Lack. -Sistemas valvulares no reinhalatorios. II. Circuitos por absorción de CO2. a. Semicerrados FGF> consumido por el paciente. b. Cerrados. FGF= consumido. Todo sistema anestésico desempeña tres funciones principales: 1. Oxigenación del paciente. 2. Eliminación del CO2. 3. Mantenimiento de la concentración del anestésico inspirado a niveles predecibles. Por tanto, el funcionamiento de un sistema puede modificarse variando la concentración de entrada del FGF, el tipo de ventilación y el tipo de respiración (espontánea, asistida, controlada)


Assuntos
Adulto , Humanos , Anestesia por Inalação , Circulação Pulmonar , Respiração Artificial/classificação , Ventiladores Mecânicos
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