Validation evidence for three coping measures.

Research has shown that the ill effects of stress can be mitigated through the use of appropriate coping strategies. In order to determine which coping strategies are most effective, it must be possible to measure coping strategies accurately. This study investigates the construct validity of 3 coping scales: The Coping Strategy Indicator (Amirkhan, 1990), the Ways of Coping-Revisited (Folkman & Lazarus, 1985), and the COPE (Carver, Scheier, & Weintraub, 1989). Findings from this study indicate that t he data fit the original factor structures reasonably well. In addition, adequate convergent and discriminant validity was found for the revelant scales from each of the 3 coping measures. Finally, these coping measures were correlated with a variety of external criteria, including hassles and uplifts, physical symptoms, satisfaction with life, positive affectively and negative affectivity. Each of these outcome measures was related to at least some of the coping strategies.

Influence of non-MHC T lymphocyte alloantigens on regression of Rous sarcomas in the chicken.

Chickens of Regional Poultry Research Laboratory (RPRL) inbred line 6(3) regress sarcomas induced by Bryan high-titer Rous sarcoma virus to a greater extent than chickens of line 7(2), although these lines are identical for the major histocompatibility complex (MHC, B complex). They differ, however, at two independent autosomal loci, Ly-4 and Th-1, which determine surface alloantigens of partly overlapping subsets of T lymphocytes. Association of genotypes at these loci with quantitative variation in ability to regress Rous sarcomas was tested in segregating progeny derived from crosses of lines 6(3) and 7(2). In the F4 generation chickens of the Ly-4a/Ly-4a, Th-1a/Th-1a genotype (symbolized aa/aa) had significantly higher regressor ability than any of the other three double homozygous genotypes. In F5, all nine genotypes formed by combinations of homozygotes and heterozygotes were tested, and higher regressor ability was shown by the aa/aa, ab/aa, and aa/ab genotypes. These results indicate that higher regression is associated with: (1) interaction between the line 6(3) Ly-4a and Th-1a alleles in homozygous form; and (2) dominance x dominance interaction, in that the a allele at each locus is dominant for higher regression only within the homozygous aa genotype at the other locus.

Host age and major histocompatibility genotype influence on Rous sarcoma regression in chickens.

The influence of host age and B (major histocompatibility complex) genotype on the fate of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV)-induced tumors was investigated. White Leghorn lines 61 and 151, developed at the Regional Poultry Research Laboratory (RPRL) at East Lansing, MI, and their crosses (F3 to F5) segregating for the B genotype were used. Preliminary experiments with noninbred White Leghorns showed that chickens RSV-inoculated at 4 weeks of age had a significantly lower incidence of tumor regression than chickens RSV-inoculated at 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 weeks of age. The (61 X 151) F5B2/B2 and B5/B5 chickens inoculated at 6 weeks of age had a lower incidence of tumor regression than (61 X 151)F3 and F4, B2/B2 and B5/B5 chickens RSV-inoculated between 58 and 88 weeks of age, respectively. Some (61 X 151) B2/B2 chickens inoculated between 58 and 88 weeks of age regressed their tumors while all chickens of corresponding genotype inoculated at 6 weeks of age died with tumors. the (61 X 151) B2/B2 chickens had a higher incidence of tumor regression than B5/B5 chickens regardless of age. The genetic RSV-inoculation on the fate of RSV-induced tumors.