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1.
Water Sci Technol ; 2017(2): 370-377, 2018 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29851389

RESUMO

The thermal reactivation of granular activated carbon is a substantial ecological and economic benefit in the process of drinking water treatment. A significant amount of abraded carbon, which is similar to powdered activated carbon (PAC), is produced that can be brought to application at wastewater treatment plant level for the removal of micropollutants in a powdered activated carbon-activated sludge (PAC-AS) system. This excess carbon derived as a by-product from the reactivation process in a waterworks was applied directly into the activated sludge tank and has been elevated in this study by monitoring the removal efficiencies for benzotriazole, carbamazepine, diclofenac, metoprolol and sulfamethoxazole in the effluent of a semi-technical wastewater treatment plant of 39 m3. A simulation-derived sampling strategy was applied to optimize the recovery rates of the micropollutants. Flow-proportional, 72-hour composite sampling was considered best. The elimination rates obtained for a 10 g PAC·m-3 dosage were 73% for benzotriazole, 59% for carbamazepine, 60% for diclofenac, 67% for metoprolol and 48% for sulfamethoxazole. The obtained results underline the importance of appropriate sampling strategies, which can be derived from hydraulic modeling.


Assuntos
Carvão Vegetal/química , Esgotos/química , Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos/métodos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/química , Adsorção , Carbono/análise
2.
Ann Nutr Metab ; 62(1): 75-9, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23257471

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Data from the ongoing, open-cohort Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) study were used to describe warm family lunch meals and the association of the lunch composition with total diet quality. METHODS: 2,095 three-day weighed dietary records, collected between 2004 and 2009, from a 4- to 18-year-old DONALD study subgroup were used. RESULTS: Warm lunch (eating occasions between 11.30 a.m. and 2.29 p.m. including at least one course that is typically consumed warm) was eaten on 68.8% of all record days. Meat lunch (>50%) was predominant, followed by vegetarian (25%), fish (13%) and sweet lunch meals (3%). The prevalence of desserts at lunch was high and beverages were drunk at 80% of lunch meals. A meat lunch was associated with a higher protein (+1.4% energy intake, %E) and fat intake (+1.7%E) than a sweet lunch; also densities of vitamin A, folate and iron were higher. A dessert at lunch decreased protein intake slightly (-0.2%E), but increased carbohydrate (+0.7%E) and added sugar intake (+1.4%E) as well as density of calcium (+18 mg/MJ). CONCLUSION: Our study proves the impact of lunch on daily dietary quality and yields valuable insights on the development of food and meal-based dietary guidelines.


Assuntos
Bebidas , Inquéritos sobre Dietas , Comportamento Alimentar , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Dieta/normas , Registros de Dieta , Ingestão de Energia , Feminino , Alemanha , Guias como Assunto , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Almoço , Masculino
3.
Eur J Clin Nutr ; 66(12): 1362-3, 2012 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22990855

RESUMO

This study examined the association between energy density (ED, g/kJ) and diet costs (\[euro]/day) in a sample of 494 German children and adolescents aged 4-18 years using 1100 3-day-weighed dietary records from the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) Study (open cohort study) and retail food prices of 341 empirically selected recorded food items including special brands. ED was negatively associated with diet costs (ß=-0.20 kJ/g, P<0.0007) with a non-linear term (ß=0.01 kJ/g*kJ/g, P=0.0440). Diet costs increased with age (ß=0.32 yr, P<0.0001) with a negative non-linear term (ß=-0.01 yr*yr; P<0.0001). In conclusion, the inverse association between diet costs and ED was more pronounced in the older than in the younger age groups and in low-ED diets than in high-ED diets. Higher % diet costs of fruit/vegetables could be compensated by lower % diet costs of meat/sausage to lower ED without increasing diet costs.


Assuntos
Comércio , Dieta/economia , Ingestão de Energia , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Registros de Dieta , Feminino , Alemanha , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino
4.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21347767

RESUMO

There is still little evidence for effective interventions that prevent childhood overweight. A number of behavioral interventions have been implemented, but in order to achieve sustainable preventive effects, they should be combined with environmental interventions which target the obesogenic environment. A modifiable obesogenic factor is beverage consumption and targeting this behavior seems promising to prevent overweight in children. The behavioral and environmental approaches were combined in the "trinkfit" study, and effectiveness and feasibility were tested in a controlled intervention study. In order to prevent overweight, the intervention focused on increased water consumption of children in elementary schools. The intervention consisted of lessons on water given by the teachers (behavioral intervention) and the provision of water fountains and water bottles (environmental intervention). After one school year, the intervention had been effective in decreasing the risk of overweight in the children of the intervention group. However, this preventive effect was not observed among children with an immigrant background. Process evaluation results indicate that the combined intervention focusing on increased water consumption was sustainable and feasible in the school setting.


Assuntos
Bebidas , Dietoterapia/métodos , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Promoção da Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Obesidade/prevenção & controle , Instituições Acadêmicas/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Alemanha/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Resultado do Tratamento
5.
Child Care Health Dev ; 35(6): 851-7, 2009 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19702638

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The epidemic increase in childhood overweight demands effective and also feasible prevention programmes. A school-based environmental and educational intervention focusing on the promotion of water consumption was found to be effective for overweight prevention in children. Process evaluation and long-term surveillance are necessary to evaluate the feasibility and sustainability of the intervention programme in a school setting. METHODS: Process evaluation was conducted during the intervention period (one school year) and a 19-month follow-up after the intervention trial on the prevention of overweight in 17 elementary schools. Data were collected through measuring the water flow of water fountains installed in schools, and questionnaires and interviews were administered to teachers and headmasters of intervention schools. Main outcomes were implementation of the intervention components, behavioural modification of the children concerning water consumption, and teacher and headmaster attitudes towards the intervention. RESULTS: Eleven out of 17 intervention schools maintained the water fountains until 19-month follow-up. The mean water flow of the fountains decreased initially, but remained stable after the during the follow-up period. The implementation rate of the educational units by teachers varied between the units from 13% to 84%. Teachers graded the overall concept of the intervention as good, continuously during the intervention and follow-up period. The majority of teachers organized the water supply of the fountains on the class level during the intervention period but not during the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The long-term process evaluation showed that the combined educational and environmental intervention has potential for sustained modifications in the beverage consumption habits of children. It also identified barriers and promoting factors of a sustainable and feasible implementation of the preventive programme in a school setting.


Assuntos
Comportamento de Ingestão de Líquido , Ingestão de Líquidos , Sobrepeso/prevenção & controle , Instituições Acadêmicas , Criança , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde
6.
Science ; 291(5509): 1759-62, 2001 Mar 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11230686

RESUMO

Neutron scattering is used to characterize the magnetism of the vortices for the optimally doped high-temperature superconductor La(2-x)Sr(x)CuO4 (x = 0.163) in an applied magnetic field. As temperature is reduced, low-frequency spin fluctuations first disappear with the loss of vortex mobility, but then reappear. We find that the vortex state can be regarded as an inhomogeneous mixture of a superconducting spin fluid and a material containing a nearly ordered antiferromagnet. These experiments show that as for many other properties of cuprate superconductors, the important underlying microscopic forces are magnetic.

8.
Arch Pathol Lab Med ; 122(12): 1065-76, 1998 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9870854

RESUMO

The Cooperative Human Tissue Network is a group composed of cooperating academic institutions that supply human tissues to researchers studying a wide range of neoplastic and other diseases. The experience of the Cooperative Human Tissue Network in establishing methods of prospective tissue collection and in developing tumor banks is discussed to aid institutions in establishing tissue resources for their local investigators, who may wish to use human tissues in current or future research projects. The advantages to pathology departments and to associated medical institutions of establishing an organized tissue resource include ensuring proper institutional review board approval of research projects using human tissues, protecting diagnostic specimens, creating new opportunities for extramural research, increasing the speed of diagnostic specimen transport to surgical pathology, and providing educational and research opportunities for pathologists and pathology residents. Methods of tissue collection, processing, storage, data collection, and supply are outlined. Also, resources necessary to begin organized tissue collection, including personnel, space, equipment, and supplies, are discussed.


Assuntos
Bancos de Tecidos/organização & administração , Obtenção de Tecidos e Órgãos/organização & administração , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Controle de Qualidade , Pesquisa , Gestão da Segurança , Bancos de Tecidos/legislação & jurisprudência , Doadores de Tecidos , Obtenção de Tecidos e Órgãos/legislação & jurisprudência , Obtenção de Tecidos e Órgãos/métodos
9.
Int J Oncol ; 10(3): 503-7, 1997 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21533404

RESUMO

Expression of the inducible isoform of the cyclooxygenase gene (PGHS-2, COX-2) which codes for the enzyme that catalyzes formation of prostaglandins, was detected in 13/13 human breast tumors of high grade but not in samples of normal breast tissue. There was a statistically significant linear association between COX-2 gene expression and high (>50%) tumor cell density (p<0.01), with COX-2 protein localized to tumor cells. These results indicate that COX-2 gene expression may be useful as a molecular biomarker for human breast tumors and may also predict sensitivity to treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

11.
Scand J Work Environ Health ; 19(6): 375-81, 1993 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8153588

RESUMO

Chromosome aberrations and micronuclei in peripheral lymphocytes were studied in 29 male chloralkali workers previously exposed to mercury vapor and in two matched reference groups comprising 29 nitrate fertilizer workers and 29 customs and police officers. The study was performed using whole-blood cultures with and without hydroxyurea and caffeine to inhibit deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis and repair, respectively. No significant differences in the frequencies of chromosome aberrations and micronuclei were observed. However, a nonsignificant increase in chromosome breaks and dicentrics was found in the subgroups with high urinary mercury peak levels or high cumulative mercury exposure. An increased prevalence of "high" scores of chromatid breaks in the inhibited cultures, exceeding the 75th percentile of all of the subjects studied, was observed for the chloralkali workers when compared with both reference groups. No evident cytogenetic effects were observed among the chloralkali workers with the methods used in the present study.


Assuntos
Poluentes Ocupacionais do Ar/efeitos adversos , Aberrações Cromossômicas , Fertilizantes/efeitos adversos , Intoxicação por Mercúrio/genética , Nitratos/efeitos adversos , Doenças Profissionais/genética , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Idoso , Dano ao DNA , Reparo do DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Monitoramento Ambiental , Humanos , Masculino , Mercúrio/farmacocinética , Testes para Micronúcleos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Selênio/urina
12.
Cancer ; 71(4): 1391-4, 1993 Feb 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8435815

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: During the past decade, the National Cancer Institute became aware of a lack of availability of human tissues for research, especially in the fields of molecular biology, genetics, and immunology. METHODS: In 1987, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) established the Cooperative Human Tissue Network (CHTN) by funding three institutions that had extensive experience in the procurement and distribution of tissues for research. RESULTS: Since its inception, the CHTN has been expanded to five member institutions, with the addition of the Columbus Children's Hospital (the Pediatric Division for the procurement of pediatric tissues) and Case Western Reserve University. Each of the five divisions have established regional networks of institutions that supply tissues to the major divisions. From 1987 through 1991, the CHTN has distributed more than 29,000 human tissue samples and supplied approximately 500 researchers throughout the country. CONCLUSIONS: This report describes the development and current status of the CHTN, a valuable resource to the research community.


Assuntos
Pesquisa , Bancos de Tecidos , Células Tumorais Cultivadas , Contenção de Riscos Biológicos , Previsões , Humanos , National Institutes of Health (U.S.) , Controle de Qualidade , Bancos de Tecidos/legislação & jurisprudência , Bancos de Tecidos/organização & administração , Bancos de Tecidos/normas , Bancos de Tecidos/tendências , Estados Unidos
13.
J Surg Oncol ; 42(4): 272-6, 1989 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2687586

RESUMO

Radiation therapy is commonly utilized either alone or in combination with surgery in the treatment of malignancies arising in the upper aerodigestive tract. Frequent post-treatment sequelae include xerostomia, dysgeusia, and dysphagia. Numerous commercial products designed to decrease these symptoms have not been uniformly successful. This pilot study was designed to evaluate prospectively oral pilocarpine as a means of stimulating minor and major salivary gland flow to eradicate these radiation-induced symptoms. The results of this pilot study support the hypothesis that the salivary glands are capable of responding to oral pilocarpine, and this therapeutic approach warrants further study.


Assuntos
Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/radioterapia , Pilocarpina/uso terapêutico , Radioterapia/efeitos adversos , Xerostomia/tratamento farmacológico , Administração Oral , Método Duplo-Cego , Humanos , Pilocarpina/administração & dosagem , Projetos Piloto , Estudos Prospectivos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Glândulas Salivares/efeitos dos fármacos , Xerostomia/etiologia
14.
Cancer ; 63(7): 1452-5, 1989 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2920370

RESUMO

This report is to make the general scientific community aware of availability of human tissues through this network. During the short period of its existence, this network has developed useful procedures for distributing human tumor tissue in a rapid, scientifically useful, cost-effective manner to investigators to whom this tissue would not otherwise be available. The growth in the number of specimens being distributed matches the previous experience of each of the member institutions in internal distribution activities. It is expected that the availability of tissue will lead to new research initiatives and grant applications. This Network has been established as a model which can in the future be expanded to meet the needs of the scientific community at large. The National Cancer Institute encourages investigators engaging in cancer research who have need of human tissues to submit their requests to the Cooperative Human Tissue Network.


Assuntos
Redes de Comunicação de Computadores/organização & administração , Sistemas Computacionais/organização & administração , Neoplasias/patologia , Bancos de Tecidos/economia , Humanos , National Institutes of Health (U.S.) , Controle de Qualidade , Apoio à Pesquisa como Assunto , Estados Unidos
15.
Arch Pathol Lab Med ; 112(11): 1106-9, 1988 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2845884

RESUMO

We reviewed colonoscopic biopsies of the lower gastrointestinal tract performed during a two-year period. Those representing neoplasia were excluded. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens from 53 patients were studied by in situ DNA hybridization for cytomegalovirus (CMV) using commercially available biotinylated DNA probes detected by an avidin-biotin peroxidase technique. Nine of the patients were severely immunocompromised: four had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, three had ulcerative colitis and were receiving high-dose steroid therapy, one was a bone marrow transplant recipient, and one had idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and was receiving therapy with prednisone and cyclophosphamide. Four of these had evidence of CMV infection by routine histology and DNA hybridization. Three additional immunocompromised patients had evidence of CMV infection by DNA hybridization alone. Forty-four patients had inflammatory conditions or ulcerations of the lower gastrointestinal tract. Six of these had evidence of CMV by DNA hybridization alone. Histologically normal as well as enlarged and cytomegalic cells were probe positive, and the cells were sparse to numerous in number. They were found in the epithelium and/or lamina propria. This technique was demonstrated to be applicable to routinely processed colonic biopsy specimens.


Assuntos
Doenças do Colo/patologia , Colonoscopia , Citomegalovirus/isolamento & purificação , DNA/genética , Hibridização Genética , Adulto , Biópsia , Colectomia , Doenças do Colo/microbiologia , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
16.
Cancer ; 62(5): 944-8, 1988 Sep 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3409175

RESUMO

To examine the effect of the polar solvents on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon cancer, 100 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to a control and three treatment groups. Treated animals received N-methylformamide (NMF), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), or methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) added to drinking water 1 week before carcinogen injections commenced and for the duration of the experiment. Primary tumors were detected by serial laparotomy under ether anesthesia performed at 2-month intervals and commencing after carcinogen injections had been completed. The average time to tumor onset was significantly delayed in rats receiving NMF and MSM (P = 0.0141 and 0.0398 respectively, Mantel-Haenszel test). In addition, fewer poorly differentiated tumors were noted in treatment groups. No weight loss or toxicity was observed. These findings demonstrate that the polar solvents significantly reduce the latent period to tumor onset in DMH-induced colon cancer and indicate the need to further investigate such compounds as chemopreventive agents.


Assuntos
Neoplasias do Colo/induzido quimicamente , Dimetil Sulfóxido/farmacologia , Dimetilidrazinas/antagonistas & inibidores , Formamidas/farmacologia , Metilidrazinas/antagonistas & inibidores , Sulfonas/farmacologia , 1,2-Dimetilidrazina , Animais , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias do Colo/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias Gastrointestinais/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias Gastrointestinais/prevenção & controle , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos , Solventes , Fatores de Tempo
17.
Science ; 237(4810): 10-1, 1987 Jul 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3603008
18.
Ann Surg ; 202(1): 36-41, 1985 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2409935

RESUMO

This study demonstrates the unique clinical and histologic aspects of fibrolamellar hepatic carcinoma, a rare variant of hepatocellular carcinoma. Three cases are reviewed and an extensive study of immunologic and intracellular substances defining this tumor is presented. Length of survival was considerably longer than typical hepatoma. The cause of death generally is due to a lack of control of the primary tumor. Successful treatment appears to relate to the ability to perform a total excision of the primary hepatic tumor. Chemotherapy should be used only in the presence of metastatic disease. Surgical resection of metastatic disease, unlike the usual hepatocarcinoma, may have some beneficial use. Fibrinogen was found in all tumors. It is possible that this tumor produces fibrinogen to create its unique histologic appearance. Carcinoembryonic antigen is described for the first time in this tumor. Both deposits of alpha-1 antitrypsin and copper were found in most of the tissues studied. The presence and amounts of these substances differ markedly from the common type of hepatoma. This unique composition of intracellular components may both facilitate histologic diagnosis, particularly if the amount of tissue is limited, and give further insight into the etiology of this tumor.


Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Fígado/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Antígeno Carcinoembrionário/análise , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/análise , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/cirurgia , Cobre/análise , Feminino , Fibrinogênio/análise , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/análise , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Fígado/análise , Neoplasias Hepáticas/análise , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirurgia , Masculino , Coloração e Rotulagem , alfa 1-Antitripsina/análise , alfa-Fetoproteínas/análise
19.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun ; 120(1): 305-10, 1984 Apr 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6324793

RESUMO

The in vitro opioid activities of a series of leucine enkephalin analogs containing a thioamide linkage in place of the peptide bond at various positions of the backbone were determined in mu- and delta-receptor-selective bio- and binding-assays. Thioamide substitution in the 1-2 position resulted in an inactive compound, whereas the same modification in the 2-3 and 4-5 position produced potency enhancement. Most interestingly, the 2-3 modified analog showed a 3 to 5 times higher preference for delta- over mu-receptors than natural leucine enkephalin. These results suggest that subtle backbone modifications can have a profound effect on receptor affinity and selectivity of biologically active peptides.


Assuntos
Amidas/metabolismo , Encefalina Leucina/análogos & derivados , Receptores Opioides/metabolismo , Tioamidas/metabolismo , Animais , Ligação Competitiva , Encefalina Leucina/metabolismo , Técnicas In Vitro , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/metabolismo , Ratos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade
20.
J Surg Oncol ; 25(2): 85-8, 1984 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6363825

RESUMO

Although sarcoma occurring in the true retroperitoneum is not uncommon, sarcoma in the retrorectal space is unique. We report a patient with a malignant mesenchymoma, a rare soft tissue tumor, in the retrorectal space. Complete resection was accomplished through a combined Kraske's posterior and midline anterior approach. The rectum had not been invaded by the mass. Survival of patients with malignant mesenchymoma does not exceed 50% in most reports, and the role of adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation has yet to be defined. Its attendant morbidity must be weighed against an uncertain prognosis.


Assuntos
Mesenquimoma/cirurgia , Neoplasias Retroperitoneais/cirurgia , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Mesenquimoma/patologia , Métodos , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Prognóstico , Neoplasias Retroperitoneais/patologia
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