Estudio epidemiológico sobre el consumo de tabaco en adolescentes de 2º y 3º de ESO en Zaragoza / No disponible

Objetivo: analizar el consumo de tabaco en adolescentes de Zaragoza de 2.º y 3.º de laEducación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO).Material y métodos: población diana: adolescentes de 2.° y 3.° de ESO. Ámbito: centros escolares.Consejo impartido de forma grupal por profesionales de Atención Primaria: pediatras ymédicos de familia. Marco: 14 centros escolares de la ciudad de Zaragoza. Participación voluntariay de asignación no aleatoria de los Centros. Muestra: 881 adolescentes. Actividad en elGrupo Intervención: consejo grupal apoyado con material escrito específico; folleto encuesta decinco preguntas y coximetría. Reevaluación: encuesta y coximetría un año después a los mismoscentros y en los cursos 3.° y 4.° de ESO.Resultados principales: se objetivó un porcentaje de fumadores de un 18,8% en el totalde la muestra (IC 95% 16,3%-21,6%). La media de edad de los fumadores es de 14,8 años yla de los no fumadores de 14,2 años. El consumo de las mujeres es mucho mayor que el delos hombres, 24,6% frente al 14%. El ascenso en las cifras de consumo es mayor en las mujeres,alcanzando porcentajes de un 40% a los 16 años. Un 34% de los 166 fumadores piensanno fumar el próximo año. Los centros públicos tienen unas cifras de consumo superior al delos concertados y al de los privados (13,6% tanto para centros privados como concertados, y 22,9% para los públicos), siendo estas diferencias significativas (X2=11,5; p=0,003). Sin embargo,si analizamos el caso de las mujeres de 3.° de ESO vemos que estas diferencias sonmenores y no alcanzan significación estadística. El patrón de consumo en fin de semana esmás acentuado para los hombres que para las mujeres. Cuando las lecturas de monóxido decarbono superan los valores de 5 partes por millón (ppm) la probabilidad de ser fumador esde alrededor del 80%

Objective: to evaluate the adolescent smoking habit in a whole group at school by primary health care practitioners.Target population: students of 2nd and 3rd level of High Education (Obligatory SecondaryEducation). Scenary: 14 High Schools in Zaragoza city. The recruitment was not randomisedand students have participated voluntarily. Professionals: General Pactitioners and Pediatricians.Sample: 881 students. Activities: groupal antismoking advice, leaflet, five questions inquiryand coximetry. Reevaluation: one year later inquiry and coximetry.Main results: the authors report 18.80% (CI 95% 16.3%-21.6%) of smokers in all thesample. Women smoke more than men 24.60% versus 14%. Smoking is a crescent phenomenonin young women 40% at sixteen years of age. 34% of smokers do not have the intention ofsmoking next year. Students in Public High Schools smoke more than students in Private andConcerted High Schools, 22.90% versus 13.70% (X2=11.5; p=0.003). Otherwise women behavein a similar way in both kinds of schools. Smoker students are 14.8 years old and no smokerstudents are 14.2 years old. The patern of consume of men is mainly at weekends. When coximetryis more than 5 ppm, the probability of being a smoker is 80%

Abordaje de la prevención y el tratamiento del tabaquismo: ¿a quién, cuándo y cómo realizar la deshabituación tabáquica? / No disponible

No disponible

[Tobacco use among young people in informal education settings: a survey of behaviors and opinions]. / Qué concenmos y qué actitud se puede tomar acerca del consumo de tabaco en la educación no formal?

OBJECTIVES: To obtain information about the tobacco use of young people in an informal educational setting. To analyze the profile of the young smoker and the associated social and health factors, and to discover the opinion of tobacco held by smokers and non-smokers. POPULATION AND METHODS An anonymous, self-administered, personal questionnaire was completed by volunteers aged 14 to 26 years old taking part in the activities of 3 youth centers. The questionnaire included items about the subjects' smoking habits, their awareness of the harmful effects of cigarette smoking and knowledge of tobacco cessation techniques. The survey also covered the health and social profile of young smokers. RESULTS: A total of 84 completed questionnaires were received (40 males and 44 females). The mean age of the sample was 18.3 years. Of the total, 15.4% had never smoked, 44% described themselves as smokers, and 16.6% as ex-smokers. Of the smokers, 40% smoked up to 10 cigarettes/day and 60% between 11 and 20. The age of initiation or experimentation was 13.1 years, and that of the onset of regular or daily use, 14.6 years. Only 23.5% of the smokers expressed a desire to stop smoking, and 50% had never tried to quit. Tobacco use was associated with weekend alcohol consumption in 59% of the smokers. None of the respondents were aware of the tobacco cessation aids and therapies available. CONCLUSIONS: According to the data collected by way of these questionnaires, a high percentage of the young people who participate in these leisure activities are smokers. They report a very early age of initiation and an accurate understanding of the serious consequences of tobacco use. Their lack of awareness about the available aids for tobacco cessation is a cause for concern, and the number of smokers who expressed a desire to quit was minimal. A disturbing increase in the association between alcohol and tobacco consumption was observed.

¿Qué conocemos y qué actitud se puede tomar acerca del consumo de tabaco en la educación no formal? / Tobacco use among young people in informal education settings: a survey of behaviors and opinions

OBJETIVOS: Obtener información sobre el consumo de tabaco que realizan los jóvenes en el ámbito de la "educación no formal". Analizar el perfil del joven fumador así como los factores sociosanitarios asociados y conocer la opinión sobre el tabaco que tienen tanto los no fumadores como los fumadores. POBLACIÓN Y MÉTODOS: Encuesta anónima, autoadministrada, personal y voluntaria ofrecida a los jóvenes de 14 a 26 años asistentes a las actividades de tres Casas de Juventud. La encuesta incluía preguntas sobre características del hábito tabáquico, conocimientos acerca del efecto nocivo del cigarrillo y métodos de deshabituación, así como el perfil sociosanitario del joven fumador. RESULTADOS: Se cumplimentaron 84 encuestas (40 chicos y 44 chicas). La edad media fue de 18,3 años. El 15,4 por ciento de los jóvenes no habían fumado nunca. Se declararon fumadores el 44 por ciento y ex fumadores el 16,6 por ciento. El 40 por ciento de los fumadores consumen hasta 10 cigarrillos/día, y el 60 por ciento, entre 11 y 20 cigarrillos/día. La edad de contacto o experimentación fue a los 13,1 años y la del consumo regular o diario a los 14,6 años. Sólo el 23,5 por ciento de los fumadores quiere dejarlo y el 50 por ciento no lo ha intentado nunca. En el 59 por ciento de los fumadores se asocia el consumo de alcohol los fines de semana. Ninguno de ellos conocía los recursos existentes para dejar de fumar. CONCLUSIONES: Según los datos de la encuesta, hay un alto porcentaje de fumadores entre los jóvenes que acuden a las actividades de tiempo libre, con una edad de inicio muy temprana y un conocimiento exacto de su gravedad. Es preocupante el desconocimiento que existe sobre las posibilidades que se ofrecen para dejar de fumar, y mínimo el número de fumadores que quieren dejarlo. Se observa un ascenso preocupante del consumo conjunto de alcohol y tabaco (AU)

[Is total parenteral nutrition necessary in patients subjected to radical cystectomy?] . / E necessaria la nutrizione parenterale totale nei pazienti sottoposti a cistectomia radicale?

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study is to evaluate the nutritional stats in candidates to radical cystectomy in order to minimize post-operative complications. METHODS: The evaluation is carried out on the basis of anthropometric, bio-humoral and immunologic indexes in a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent major urologic surgery during the last two years. Twenty cases of invasive bladder cancer (mean age 71 years) who underwent radical cystectomy have been studied: in 13 cases urinary diversion by Camey II technique, in 7 cases by Bricker technique has been performed. In 5 cases of orthotopic neo-bladder, endovenous parenteral protein sparing nutrition was carried out for 4 days, in the remaining 15 cases glucidic and saline solutions have been administered. RESULTS: In all the 20 evaluated patients post-operative complications have not been observed. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of the data obtained, the conclusion is drawn that patients with bladder cancer are generally not so malnourished to need an artificial feeding regimen. Considering the urinary tract substitution effects on renal function and metabolism, particularly for the role of glucose on proximal and distal tubule the usefulness of administering only glucidic solutions and maintaining a good diuresis is underlined.

The nucleotide sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome VII.

The complete nucleotide sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome VII has 572 predicted open reading frames (ORFs), of which 341 are new. No correlation was found between G+C content and gene density along the chromosome, and their variations are random. Of the ORFs, 17% show high similarity to human proteins. Almost half of the ORFs could be classified in functional categories, and there is a slight increase in the number of transcription (7.0%) and translation (5.2%) factors when compared with the complete S. cerevisiae genome. Accurate verification procedures demonstrate that there are less than two errors per 10,000 base pairs in the published sequence.

Analysis of an 11.6 kb region from the right arm of chromosome VII of Saccharomyces cerevisiae between the RAD2 and the MES1 genes reveals the presence of three new genes.

Sequence analysis of an 11,628 bp DNA segment from the right arm of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome VII revealed the presence of the 5' end of the RAD2 gene, the MES1 gene and six open reading frames (ORFs) each longer than 300 bp. Four of these ORFs are expressed genes, as indicated by transcript analysis. One of them, YGR261c, which specifies a putative beta-adaptine, corresponds to gene YKS5, which has recently been identified as a suppressor of loss of casein kinase 1 function. The remaining three ORFs are new genes; of these, YGR260w encodes a protein showing similarity to the S. cerevisiae allantoate permease and YGR262c specifies a putative protein kinase.

Uptake and metabolism of a fluorescent sulfatide analogue in cultured skin fibroblasts.

The sulfatide fluorescent analogue N-lissamine rhodaminyl-(12-aminododecanoyl) cerebroside 3-sulfate was administered in the form of albumin complex to normal human skin fibroblasts and its metabolic fate was investigated. Ceramide, galactosylceramide, glucosylceramide, sphingomyelin and free acid, all containing the fluorophore lissamine rhodamine, have been synthesized as reference standards for the identification of the metabolic products. Ceramide appeared to be the main metabolic product present both in cell extract and medium, followed by galactosylceramide and sphingomyelin. Fluorescence microscopy of cells showed a marked perinuclear fluorescence.

[Althesin - Fentanyl combination as anesthetic in patients with Parkinson's disease]. / L'associazione Althesin Fentanyl nell'anestesia del parkinsoniano.

An association of Althesin and Phentanyl succinylcholine is proposed as anaesthetic in patients with Parkinson's disease. This method has two advantages: it does not have an adverse effect on the drugs normally given to such patients, so that the postoperative neurological symptomatology is not altered in any way; its anesthetic effectiveness is allied with case of employment and a wide margin of safety.