[Importance of modulated neuroleptanalgesia in anterior chamber implantation]. / Intérêt de la neuroleptanalgésie modulée dans l'implantation de chambre antérieure.

About 192 anterior chamber implantations, the authors report the advantage to utilize modulated neuroleptanalgesia.

The muscle elongation test in functional squints. History - basis and clinical features.

Work carried out by Cüppers has proved that squint deviations are related to the innervational and viscoelastic impairments of th ocular muscles, whose association and degree vary according to each case. The passive duction test is always positive in retraction syndromes, but it is not precise enough to detect most of the viscoelastic impairments of functional squints. The authors have noted important and frequent anomalies of muscle stretching; they describe the operative features of a muscle elongation test in various types of strabismic deviations.

[The new surgery of functional esotropias (author's transl)]. / La nouvelle chirurgie des ésotropies fonctionnelles (opération du fil et techniques classiques).

In two previous papers published in this journal, mechanic phenomena induced by the surgical procedures and the surgical management of fundamental troubles in esotropias were analyzed fully into details. In this third part, the authors explain the various pratical conclusions which result from their study. They underline that more than 60-70% convergent squints in children have a apastic component, and to overcome it classical procedures alone (resections and recessions) are fully unfitted. Equally, the Fadenoperation cannot by itself make away with motor disorders. Generally, the various technics must be associated to get cure. But to draw up an adequate surgical plan it is necessary to take into account the anaesthetic sign and the muscular traction test. The Authors have settled a pratical surgical scale allowing to know immediatly according to clinical and electro-oculographic findings, and the results to those tests, the particular operating actions which are convenient to do in each case and also their amount.

[The new surgery of functional esotropias (Faden operation and classical technics) (author's transl)]. / Nouvelle chirurgie des ésotropies fonctionnelles (opération du Fil et techniques classiques). 2e partie: less dérèglements fondamentaux et leur cure chirurgicale.

This paper is the second part of a work devoted to the surgery of functional esotropias. The Authors bring a systematic study of fundamental motor impairments, and their particular management. Sucessively they consider the length, the alterations of contractible properties and the visco elastic changes of ocular muscles. Then they point out the partical means to reveal those troubles by clinical examination, electro-oculography, study of eye position during anesthesia and muscular traction test. They underline the advantages, limits and drawbacks of Fadenoperation. Theorically and practically, a too posterior scleral fastening is dangerous. To avoid some complications of Cupper's original technic, they use a personal procedure: the muscle slapping, which seems to give good results. Finally, they analyze central disorders. The electrooculographic recordings prove that motor troubles are certainly related with primitive visual impairments. They note that the frequent surgical cure means the muscle operations have a binding effect of proprioceptive nature on the central motor disorders.