Short report: Effectiveness of a universal preschool-based program for emotional education in 3- to 5-year-old children with autism spectrum conditions.

LAY ABSTRACT: There are numerous programs and interventions to improve social and emotional skills that expressly target children with autism spectrum conditions. However, there is less knowledge about the impact of universal (directed to all children) school programs of emotional education specifically on these children. In this context, the aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of the "1,2,3,emoció!" universal school program on them. The results show that children with autism spectrum conditions participating in the program improved their emotional competence more than the ones who did not participate. Therefore, we conclude that the "1,2,3,emoció!" universal program is effective in children with autism spectrum conditions. This promising outcome gives the opportunity to these children to benefit from group learning in an inclusive school setting, by complementing individual interventions with a universal program.

[Conceptual framework of gambling and gambling-related harms]. / Marco conceptual del juego de apuestas y sus daños asociados.

Gambling is a legitimate leisure activity in many countries that many people use. However, some of them suffer significant harm because of gambling. This may involve economic, social, physical or mental harm. These harms are not only suffered by the individual gambler, but affect the family, the community and society. The aim of this text is to propose a conceptual framework for understanding the determinants of gambling and its related harms and thus, contribute to the development of prevention policies to reduce its impact on health. The framework proposed in this manuscript places present evidence in the model of health inequalities, analyzing the effect of the socioeconomic and political context, the axes of inequalities, individual and social factors, and the health system in generating the health inequalities of gambling suffered by the most vulnerable groups. The evidence gathered in this framework suggests that health determinants lead to health inequality in relation to gambling and its associated harms.

El juego de apuestas es una actividad de ocio legítima en muchos países, la cual muchas personas utilizan. Sin embargo, algunas de ellas experimentan daños significativos como resultado de estos juegos de apuestas. Estos daños, que pueden ser de carácter económico, social o de salud física y mental, no solo los sufre el individuo que juega, sino que afectan a la familia, a la comunidad y a toda la sociedad. El objetivo de este texto es proponer un marco conceptual para comprender los determinantes del juego de apuestas y sus daños asociados, que ayude a desarrollar políticas de prevención para reducir su impacto en la salud. El marco planteado en este manuscrito sitúa la evidencia actual en el modelo de desigualdades en salud y analiza la importancia del contexto socioeconómico y político, de los ejes de desigualdad, de los factores individuales y sociales, y del sistema sanitario en la desigualdad en salud asociada al juego de apuestas que sufren los grupos más vulnerables. La evidencia que se recoge en este marco sugiere que los determinantes de salud conllevan a una desigualdad en salud en relación con los juegos de apuestas y sus daños asociados.

Marco conceptual del juego de apuestas y sus daños asociados / Conceptual framework of gambling and gambling-related harms

El juego de apuestas es una actividad de ocio legítima en muchos países, la cual muchas personas utilizan. Sin embargo, algunas de ellas experimentan daños significativos como resultado de estos juegos de apuestas. Estos daños, que pueden ser de carácter económico, social o de salud física y mental, no solo los sufre el individuo que juega, sino que afectan a la familia, a la comunidad y a toda la sociedad. El objetivo de este texto es proponer un marco conceptual para comprender los determinantes del juego de apuestas y sus daños asociados, que ayude a desarrollar políticas de prevención para reducir su impacto en la salud. El marco planteado en este manuscrito sitúa la evidencia actual en el modelo de desigualdades en salud y analiza la importancia del contexto socioeconómico y político, de los ejes de desigualdad, de los factores individuales y sociales, y del sistema sanitario en la desigualdad en salud asociada al juego de apuestas que sufren los grupos más vulnerables. La evidencia que se recoge en este marco sugiere que los determinantes de salud conllevan a una desigualdad en salud en relación con los juegos de apuestas y sus daños asociados.(AU)

Gambling is a legitimate leisure activity in many countries that many people use. However, some of them suffer significant harm because of gambling. This may involve economic, social, physical or mental harm. These harms are not only suffered by the individual gambler, but affect the family, the community and society. The aim of this text is to propose a conceptual framework for understanding the determinants of gambling and its related harms and thus, contribute to the development of prevention policies to reduce its impact on health. The framework proposed in this manuscript places present evidence in the model of health inequalities, analyzing the effect of the socioeconomic and political context, the axes of inequalities, individual and social factors, and the health system in generating the health inequalities of gambling suffered by the most vulnerable groups. The evidence gathered in this framework suggests that health determinants lead to health inequality in relation to gambling and its associated harms.(AU)

Evaluation of a Community Intervention to Reduce Harmful Alcohol Consumption among Adult Population: A Study Protocol.

Harmful alcohol consumption is shaped by a complex range of structural, social, and individual determinants that interact with inequality axes, which can be addressed at the community level. Under the framework of Barcelona Health in the Neighborhoods, which is a community strategy to reduce health inequalities in Barcelona's most deprived neighborhoods, a community steering group will co-design a multicomponent community intervention. Aims: to assess its effects on: (1) alcohol accessibility, availability, and consumption at the environmental level, and (2) psychosocial and cognitive determinants of harmful alcohol consumption at the individual level. Methods: Quasi-experimental design with a comparison group, and pre- and post-intervention measures. Three Barcelona neighborhoods will be assigned to the intervention or comparison group based on three criteria: healthcare data on alcohol use, socioeconomic characteristics, and population size. The intervention includes activities promoting community mobilization, law enforcement, and communication campaigns in the intervened neighborhoods. Non-participant observations in standardized census sections will be performed in public spaces to collect information on three outcomes: alcohol accessibility, availability, and signs of alcohol consumption. Data collection includes a survey to a sample of 622 subjects to detect differences on these outcomes: risk awareness, knowledge, and self-efficacy about harmful alcohol consumption and drinking patterns. Discussion: This protocol to assess the effects of a multicomponent community intervention on harmful alcohol consumption at the environmental and population level will provide evidence on effective community health interventions and enable informed decisions for policy makers. This protocol could also be used as an implementation guide for studies aimed at reducing harmful drinking in cities with similar characteristics.