RESUMO
The threat of depopulation in the rural areas making up what has become to be known as "empty Spain" is currently an extremely urgent national issue. Women are a fundamental pillar of rural sustainability, but the lack of decent living conditions has led to their mass exodus to the country's cities. We analysed the factors undermining their health and well-being, thus leading to their dissatisfaction and their subsequent desire to abandon the countryside for a better life. A mixed methodology was employed, combining qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques. For data collection, an ad hoc questionnaire was developed before being administered to members of the Rural Development Groups of the Celtiberian Highlands, while some of their number were also interviewed. Rural women experience personal dilemmas that prompt them to migrate. These include choosing between living in the place where they were born, close to their families and neighbours, and a decent productive job, the availability of basic services and a broader range of leisure opportunities, among other aspects. It is essential to acknowledge the socio-economic importance of women's work, to identify invisible burdens and their risks and to adopt measures that facilitate the reconciliation of work and family life.
Assuntos
População Rural , Planejamento Social , Saúde da Mulher , Emprego , Relações Familiares , Feminino , Humanos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , EspanhaRESUMO
In Spain, Health Education is included in the Early Childhood Education curriculum, but teachers do not manage to develop it effectively. We intended to verify the opinion of the students of the Early Childhood Education Degree of the universities of Andalusia about their education and the relevance of this subject. The research was conducted on a population of 2,178 students, using the questionnaire as the main instrument. Its validation required measuring its internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha coefficient and exploratory factor analysis. The students consider essential Child Health Education training (87.8%), and affirmed that the one they received in the official curricula had been weak. The subjects offered are mostly focused on the promotion of healthy lifestyles (61.5%) and prevention (38.5%). On the other hand, they consider first aid training very important. We propose the implementation of a complete and appropriate Health Education in the training of teachers.
En España, la Educación para la Salud se encuentra integrada en el currículo de Educación Infantil, pero los docentes no llegan a desarrollarla de manera efectiva. Pretendemos constatar la opinión del alumnado del Grado de Educación Infantil de las universidades de Andalucía sobre su formación e importancia de esta materia. La investigación se ha realizado sobre una población de 2178 estudiantes, utilizando como instrumento principal el cuestionario. Para su validación medimos su consistencia interna con el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach y el análisis factorial exploratorio. El alumnado estima muy necesaria la formación en Educación para la Salud infantil (87,8%), calificando como deficitaria la recibida en los planes de estudio oficiales. Las materias ofertadas se enfocan en su mayoría a la promoción de hábitos de vida saludables (61,5%) y al ámbito de la prevención (38,5%). En cambio, estiman de gran importancia una formación en primeros auxilios. Proponemos se implante con carácter obligatorio una completa y adecuada Educación para la Salud en la formación del profesorado.
Assuntos
Currículo , Educação em Saúde , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Capacitação de Professores/métodos , Humanos , Espanha , Inquéritos e Questionários , UniversidadesRESUMO
Resumen En España, la Educación para la Salud se encuentra integrada en el currículo de Educación Infantil, pero los docentes no llegan a desarrollarla de manera efectiva. Pretendemos constatar la opinión del alumnado del Grado de Educación Infantil de las universidades de Andalucía sobre su formación e importancia de esta materia. La investigación se ha realizado sobre una población de 2178 estudiantes, utilizando como instrumento principal el cuestionario. Para su validación medimos su consistencia interna con el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach y el análisis factorial exploratorio. El alumnado estima muy necesaria la formación en Educación para la Salud infantil (87,8%), calificando como deficitaria la recibida en los planes de estudio oficiales. Las materias ofertadas se enfocan en su mayoría a la promoción de hábitos de vida saludables (61,5%) y al ámbito de la prevención (38,5%). En cambio, estiman de gran importancia una formación en primeros auxilios. Proponemos se implante con carácter obligatorio una completa y adecuada Educación para la Salud en la formación del profesorado.
Abstract In Spain, Health Education is included in the Early Childhood Education curriculum, but teachers do not manage to develop it effectively. We intended to verify the opinion of the students of the Early Childhood Education Degree of the universities of Andalusia about their education and the relevance of this subject. The research was conducted on a population of 2,178 students, using the questionnaire as the main instrument. Its validation required measuring its internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha coefficient and exploratory factor analysis. The students consider essential Child Health Education training (87.8%), and affirmed that the one they received in the official curricula had been weak. The subjects offered are mostly focused on the promotion of healthy lifestyles (61.5%) and prevention (38.5%). On the other hand, they consider first aid training very important. We propose the implementation of a complete and appropriate Health Education in the training of teachers.