Anatomic coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction with triple flip-buttons leads to good functional outcomes and low reduction loss: a case series.

BACKGROUND: The management of acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocation remains controversial. Recently, anatomic coracoclavicular (CC) fixation with a double clavicular tunnel and three flip-buttons has shown promising results. This study aimed to evaluate functional and radiological outcomes in patients with high-grade AC joint dislocation treated with anatomic CC fixation using double clavicular tunnels and three flip-buttons. METHODS: A retrospective, unicentric study was performed. The study included patients with high-grade AC joint dislocation who underwent surgery with anatomic CC fixation using double clavicular tunnels and three flip-buttons. Demographic data were obtained from medical records. A functional evaluation using subjective shoulder value (SSV), visual analog scale (VAS), and disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) questionnaires was performed, and an evaluation of preoperative and postoperative comparative Zanca view images was performed. Factors associated with functional outcomes and radiological AC reduction were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 83 patients completed follow-up and were included in the analysis. The mean SSV, VAS, and DASH scores were 92.8, 0.8, and 6.4, respectively. Patients who had complications experienced significantly worse functional outcomes (DASH: P=0.037). Suboptimal final AC reduction was observed in nine patients (11.1%), and significantly more frequently in patients older than 40 years (P=0.031) and in surgeries performed more than 7 days after injury (P=0.034). There were two reoperations (2.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Anatomic CC fixation with a double clavicular tunnel and three flip-buttons leads to good functional outcomes, low complication rates, and high rates of optimal AC reduction. Level of Evidence: Level IV; Case series.

Radiologic bone adaptations on a cementless short-stem shoulder prosthesis.

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the timing and location of radiologic bone adaptations related to shoulder arthroplasty using a single type of cementless short-stem shoulder prosthesis. METHODS: Uncemented short-stem shoulder arthroplasties were evaluated in 52 patients at a mean age of 71.6 years (range, 58.1-86.6) with a minimum clinical and radiologic follow-up of 2 years (mean, 32 months; range, 23-52 months). All radiographs were analyzed for inclination of the stem, filling ratio of metaphysis and diaphysis, bone remodeling around the stem, radiolucent lines around the glenoid, and subsidence of the humeral stem. Finally, the radiographic and clinical findings were compared between patients with low and high bone adaptations. RESULTS: At final follow-up, no loosening, subsidence, or osteolysis was seen. High bone adaptations were present in 27 patients (51.9%). Cortical thinning and osteopenia in the medial cortex (82.7%) and spot welds in the lateral cortex (78.6%) were the most frequently occurring bone adaptations. Patients with high bone adaptations had significantly higher metaphyseal (0.60 ± 0.05 vs. 0.56 ± 0.06; P = .024) and diaphyseal filling ratio (0.66 ± 0.04 vs. 0.61 ± 0.06; P = .019) at 2-year follow-up than patients with low bone adaptations. Clinical outcome was not influenced by the radiographic changes. CONCLUSION: The clinical and radiologic results of the short-stem shoulder arthroplasty are comparable to those with the third and fourth generations of standard stem arthroplasty. Higher filling ratios in the metaphysis and the diaphysis were significantly associated with the occurrence of high bone adaptations.

Clinical and radiological results of a cementless short stem shoulder prosthesis at minimum follow-up of two years.

PURPOSE: Uncemented short stem shoulder arthroplasty combines the advantages of a bone-saving implantation with a straightforward revision option. Uncemented humeral long stems can be associated with stress shielding and loosening. Therefore, we analysed the clinical and radiological outcome of a short stem shoulder prosthesis with metaphyseal fixation. METHODS: This two-centre study included 82 total shoulder arthroplasties in 80 patients with short stem shoulder prosthesis and a cemented polyethylene glenoid performed between 2010 and 2012. Sixty-eight shoulders had primary osteoarthritis, eight shoulders had post traumatic sequelae and six had other diagnoses. Minimum follow-up was two years. Outcome data included the Constant Score (CS), Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV), Pain Scale (0-15) and range of motion. Radiographic evaluation was done in shoulders with primary osteoarthritis in a standard view. RESULTS: The mean clinical and radiological follow-up was 31.2 ± 7.2 months (20-52). CS improved from 36.7 ± 15.2 % to 90.4 ± 16.4% and SSV improved from 39.4 ± 15.5 points to 85.5 ± 13.2 points (p < 0.0001). Pain was rated as mild or none in 76 shoulders (92.7%) with a mean value of 13.2 ± 2.6. The mean active flexion was 157.0 ± 24.7°, abduction was 152.6 ± 29.1° and the active external rotation was 38.2 ± 14.8° at recent follow-up. Radiographic assessment was done in 44 shoulders. Six shoulders (13.6%) showed features of slight stress shielding at the medial cortex and no stem with subsidence was found. Three glenoids (6.8%) had minor radiolucent lines. CONCLUSIONS: Uncemented short stem shoulder arthroplasty with a cemented polyethylene glenoid can yield a stable fixation with a good clinical outcome at minimum follow-up of two years.

Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging findings in anterior cruciate ligament grafts with and without autologous platelet-derived growth factors.

PURPOSE: To determine whether the use of platelet-rich plasma gel (PRPG) affects magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft during the first year after reconstruction. METHODS: A prospective single-blinded study of 50 ACL reconstructions in 50 patients was performed. In group A (study group) PRPG was added to the graft with a standardized technique, and in group B (control group) no PRPG was added. An MRI study was performed postoperatively between 3 and 9 months in group A and between 3 and 12 months in group B. The imaging analysis was performed in a blind protocol by the same radiologist. RESULTS: The mean heterogeneity score value at the time of MRI, assigned by the radiologist, was 1.14 in group A and 3.25 in group B. Both groups were comparable in terms of sex and age (P < .05). The mean time to obtain a completely homogeneous intra-articular segment in group A (PRPG added) was 177 days after surgery, and it was 369 days in group B. Using the quadratic predictive model, these findings show that group A (PRPG added) needed only 48% of the time group B required to achieve the same MRI image (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: ACL reconstruction with the use of PRPG achieves complete homogeneous grafts assessed by MRI, in 179 days compared with 369 days for ACL reconstruction without PRPG. This represents a time shortening of 48% with respect to ACL reconstruction without PRPG.

Uso de concentrado autologo rico en factores de crecimiento en la reconstruccion del ligamento cruzado anterior / Using AutoLogo concentrate rich in growth factors in the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament

Hipotesis: La aplicación de factores de crecimiento obtenidos de concentrado plaquetario autólogo al injerto al efectuar la reeconstrucción de ligamento. cruzado anterior en deportistas, afecta positivamente el proceso de remodelación del injerto utilizado. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto que tiene en el proceso de remodelación del injerto, la aplicación de factores de crecimiento obtenidos de concentrado plaquetario autólogo al efectuar la reconstrucción de ligamento cruzado anterior en deportistas. Diseño del estudio: Prospectivo, clínico randomizado, con grupo control y ciego simple. Método: Se realiza en forma prospectiva el análisis de 50 reconstrucciones de LCA en 50 pacientes, todas ellas realizadas por el mismo equipo quirúrgico. Al grupo A , además de efectuar la reconstrucción de LCA, se adiciona Concentrado Plaquetario Autólogo, desarrollando una técnica de aplicación que permite estandarizar la dosis de concentrado empleada y evitar la pérdida de este en el paso del injerto a través de los túneles óseos. Los pacientes del grupo A se sometieron a estudio de resonancia magnética en forma seriada a los 3,4, 5, 6, 7, 8 Y 9 meses postoperatorio. El grupo control el estudio se realizó a los 3, 4, 6, 7,9,10 ,11 ,12 meses. La evaluación de las placas obtenidas fue realizada por un solo radiólogo en forma ciega, ya que desconocía: tiempo de evolución, técnica quirúrgica empleada o si se aplicó AGE analisis estadístico: Comparación de Grupos: T-Student (p-value <5%) Y Prueba F (p-value <5%). Modelo cuadrático predictivo de tiempo de maduración (homogeneidad) para determinar el tiempo de remodelación y maduración en cada grupo. Resultados: El puntaje promedio de maduración al momento de la resonancia magnética, entregado por el radiólogo en el grupo A fue de 1,14 y en el grupo B (control) fue de 3,25. Ambos grupos son comparables según sexo y edad (p-value <5%). El tiempo de maduración del segmento intraarticular, en el grupo A (co...

Inestabilidad posterolateral de rodilla: evaluación clínica de tres técnicas quirúrgicas / Posterolateral inestability of the knee: clinical evaluation of 3 surgical techniques

Objetivo: Definir cual es la mejor técnica quirúrgica para tratar la inestabilidad rotacional posterolateral es aun motivo de debate. El objetivo de este estudio es comparar tres técnicas quirúrgica utilizadas: Reparación anatómica primaria. Tenodésis del bíceps femoral. Reconstrucción del complejo posterolateral con técnica de Clancy modificada. Método. Evaluamos en forma retrospectiva y prospectiva el resultado clínico obtenido en el tratamiento 19 pacientes, 21 rodillas (dos de ellos bilateral), con lesiones capsuloligamentosas múltiples de rodillas entre las cuales siempre estaba comprometida la esquina posterolateral. Estos pacientes fueron tratados entre marzo de 1994 y junio del 2000 en el Hospital Dipreca o en la Clínica Las Condes. Las lesiones combinadas en las 21 rodillas analizadas son: ruptura de LCA-PL: 5, ruptura de LCP-PL: 7; ruptura de LCA-LCP y PL: 9. Los pacientes se dividieron en tres grupos: Grupos A: 12 rodillas a las que se les realizó un reparación anatómica primaria. Grupo B: 9 rodillas tratadas con una tenodesis del biceps. Grupo C: 5 rodillas sometidas a una reconstrucción posterolateral de Clancy modificada, en la cual el injerto se dividió en dos o tres bandas. El análisis estadístico se realizó utilizando el test de student. Resultados: Grupo A: doce rodillas, 11 hombres y 1 mujer. La edad mediana fue de 30 años. El seguimiento mínimo fue de 27 meses con un rango de 18 a 96 meses. Ocho de doce (66 por ciento) describieron restricciones importantes para realizar actividades de la vida diaria y estaban insatisfechos con el procedimiento quirúrgico. La escala IKDC presentaba a pacientes en la categoría más baja: D (anormal). Cinco pacientes requirieron de un nuevo procedimiento quirúrgico. Grupo B: Constituido por nueve rodillas, todos de sexo masculino. La edad mediana fue de 29 años. El seguimiento mínimo fue de 29 meses con un rango de 12 a 96 meses. Siete de 9 (77 por ciento) refirieron no tener ninguna restricción para efectuar actividades de la vida diaria y laboral. El 89 por ciento estaban satisfechos con su tratamiento. La escala IKDC fue D (cercano a normal) con un puntaje promedio de 86,7 (rango 20,9 a 96,6). Grupo C: Formado por 5 rodillas, hombres. La edad mediana fue de 29 años. El seguimiento mínimo fue de 17 meses con un rango de 12 a 96 meses. Todos ellos (100 por ciento) retornaron a sus trabajos originales sin restricciones