Hypofractionated boost after whole breast irradiation in breast carcinoma: chronic toxicity results and cosmesis

Purpose. To evaluate the impact of hypofractionated boost after hypofractionated whole breast irradiation in breast carcinoma. Methods and materials. Patients after breast conservative surgery were treated all time with hypofractionation of 2.67 Gy/day. Whole breast dose was 40.05 Gy followed in case of risk of local relapse by a boost of 16.02 Gy or 8.01 Gy. Acute and chronic toxicity results were evaluated including cosmetic software-assisted assessment and objective evaluation of fibrosis parameters (elasticity and hydration) by means of a skin tester. Results. A total of 362 patients were evaluated. Acute toxicities comprised grade 1 dermatitis in 48.1 %, grade 2 in 44.5 % and grade 3 in 17 patients 4.7 %, respectively. After a median follow-up of 4.5 years, in 308 cases (86.6 %) there was no chronic skin or subcutaneous changes. In the first consecutive 50 patients, measures with skin tester showed no statistical differences in parameters for skin and subcutaneous fibrosis. Cosmetic results were considered excellent and good in 26 and 62 %, respectively. Conclusions. Boost to tumour bed with hypofractionated doses is well tolerated and acute and chronic toxicities are mild with good cosmetic results. Objective systems are encouraging methods to assess skin quality and cosmesis (AU)

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Hypofractionated boost after whole breast irradiation in breast carcinoma: chronic toxicity results and cosmesis.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of hypofractionated boost after hypofractionated whole breast irradiation in breast carcinoma. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Patients after breast conservative surgery were treated all time with hypofractionation of 2.67 Gy/day. Whole breast dose was 40.05 Gy followed in case of risk of local relapse by a boost of 16.02 Gy or 8.01 Gy. Acute and chronic toxicity results were evaluated including cosmetic software-assisted assessment and objective evaluation of fibrosis parameters (elasticity and hydration) by means of a skin tester. RESULTS: A total of 362 patients were evaluated. Acute toxicities comprised grade 1 dermatitis in 48.1 %, grade 2 in 44.5 % and grade 3 in 17 patients 4.7 %, respectively. After a median follow-up of 4.5 years, in 308 cases (86.6 %) there was no chronic skin or subcutaneous changes. In the first consecutive 50 patients, measures with skin tester showed no statistical differences in parameters for skin and subcutaneous fibrosis. Cosmetic results were considered excellent and good in 26 and 62 %, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Boost to tumour bed with hypofractionated doses is well tolerated and acute and chronic toxicities are mild with good cosmetic results. Objective systems are encouraging methods to assess skin quality and cosmesis.

Halitosis: Diagnóstico y tratamiento / Halitosis: Diagnosis and treatment

Introducción: Debido a los múltiples factores que pueden causar o agravar la halitosis, y que el tratamiento depende de eso, es imprescindible hacer un diagnóstico detallado para identificar todos y cada uno de ellos. Diagnóstico: En la halitosis es esencial hacer un diagnóstico etiológico. Por ello hay que prestar atención a la anamnesis para poder descartar las pocas probabilidades de una causa sistémica, preguntar al paciente sobre diferentes aspectos de la halitosis, fijándose en los aspectos psicológicos de la patología, realizar una minuciosa exploración oral y las pruebas complementarias. Tratamiento: Debemos enfocarlo según la etiología y los objetivos perseguidos son reducir el número de bacterias, el número de sustratos proteicos y neutralizar los compuestos volátiles sulfurados. Conclusiones: Es básico el correcto diagnóstico etiológico para realizar un tratamiento exitoso. Para esto el control mecánico de la placa es necesario pero no suficiente, considerando los posibles efectos adversos de los agentes químicos por la larga duración de los tratamientos (AU)

Introduction: Due to the many factors that can cause or aggravate halitosis, and considering that treatment depends on it, it is essential to make a detailed diagnosis to identify each and every one of them. Diagnosis: Is essential to do an etiological diagnosis. Therefore we must pay attention to the anamnesis to rule out the few chances of a systemic cause, ask the patient about different aspects of halitosis, looking at the psychological aspects of the disease, a thorough oral examination and complementary tests. Conclusions: It is basic the correct etiological diagnosis to successful treatment. For this, mechanical plaque control is necessary but not enough, considering the possible adverse effects of chemical agents by the long duration of treatment (AU)