[Feedback Guide for direct observation of family medicine residents in Canada: a francophone tool]. / Développement et mise à l'essai du Guide de rétroaction francophone pour l'observation directe des résidents en médecine familiale au Canada.

Background: There is no CanMEDS-FM-based milestone tool to guide feedback during direct observation (DO). We have developed a guide to support documentation of feedback for direct observation (DO) in Canadian family medicine (FM) programs. Methods: The Guide was designed in three phases with the collaboration of five Canadian FM programs with at least a French-speaking teaching site: 1) literature review and needs assessment; 2) development of the DO Feedback Guide; 3) testing the Guide in a video simulation context with qualitative content analysis. Results: Phase 1 demonstrated the need for a narrative guide aimed at 1) specifying mutual expectations according to the resident's level of training and the clinical context, 2) providing the supervisor with tools and structure in his observations 3) to facilitate documentation of feedback. Phase 2 made it possible to develop the Guide, in paper and electronic formats, meeting the needs identified. In phase 3, 15 supervisors used the guide for three levels of residence. The Guide was adjusted following this testing to recall the phases of the clinical encounter that were often forgotten during feedback (before consultation, diagnosis and follow-up), and to suggest types of formulation to be favored (stimulating questions, questions of clarification, reflections). Conclusion: Based on evidence and a collaborative approach, this Guide will equip French-speaking Canadian supervisors and residents performing DO in family medicine.

Changing relationships: how does patient involvement transform professional identity? An ethnographic study.

OBJECTIVES: To understand identity tensions experienced by health professionals when patient partners join a quality improvement committee. DESIGN: Qualitative ethnographic study based on participatory observation. SETTING: An interdisciplinary quality improvement committee of a Canadian urban academic family medicine clinic with little previous experience in patient partnership. PARTICIPANTS: Two patient partners, seven health professionals (two family physicians, two residents, one pharmacist, one nurse clinician and one nurse practitioner) and three members of the administrative team. DATA COLLECTION: Data collection included compiled participatory observations, logbook notes and semi-structured interviews, collected between the summer of 2017 to the summer of 2019. DATA ANALYSIS: Ghadiri's identity threats theoretical framework was used to analyse qualitative material and to develop conceptualising categories, using QDA Miner software (V.5.0). RESULTS: All professionals with a clinical care role and patient partners (n=9) accepted to participate in the ethnographic study and semi-structured interviews (RR=100%). Transforming the 'caregiver-patient' relationship into a 'colleague-colleague' relationship generated identity upheavals among professionals. Identity tensions included competing ideals of the 'good professional', challenges to the impermeability of the patient and professional categories, the interweaving of symbols associated with one or the other of these identities, and the inner balance between the roles of caregiver and colleague. CONCLUSION: This research provides a new perspective on understanding how working in partnership with patients transform health professionals' identity. When they are called to work with patients outside of a simple therapeutic relationship, health professionals may feel tensions between their identity as caregivers and their identity as colleague. This allows us to better understand some underlying tensions elicited by the arrival of different patient engagement initiatives (eg, professionals' resistance to working with patients, patients' status and remuneration, professionals' concerns toward patient 'representativeness'). Partnership with patients imply the construction of a new relational framework, flexible and dynamic, that takes into account this coexistence of identities.

Le stage en médecine familiale à l'externat et l'intention de s'inscrire en médecine de famille: Étude descriptive.

OBJECTIF: Identifier les facteurs propres au stage d'externat en médecine familiale (MF) pouvant être associés à un changement d'intention de s'inscrire en MF. TYPE D'ÉTUDE: Étude descriptive transversale. Un questionnaire autoadministré sur SurveyMonkey, distribué de septembre 2015 à avril 2016. CONTEXTE: Les milieux de stages en MF affiliés à l'Université de Montréal (Québec). PARTICIPANTS: Les externes qui effectuaient leur stage dans les milieux ayant accepté de participer et n'avaient pas encore fait leur choix de résidence. PRINCIPAUX PARAMÈTRES À L'ÉTUDE: Des facteurs spécifiques au stage ayant une influence sur le changement d'intention de s'inscrire en MF. RÉSULTATS: Dans l'échantillon, le stage en MF est généralement très apprécié, améliore l'image de cette spécialité et influence l'intention des étudiants de s'inscrire en MF. Plusieurs facteurs spécifiques au stage ont pu être associés à un changement positif de l'intention des étudiants de s'inscrire en MF. Le degré d'exposition à différents champs de pratique, la perception de l'ambiance générale, la rencontre d'un modèle de rôle et l'intérêt à revenir travailler dans le milieu de stage ont tous été associés, de façon modérée, au changement d'intention de s'inscrire en MF. Une association faible a été observée pour la perception de l'intérêt des médecins envers leur travail, le stage en milieu rural, l'appréciation du contact avec les médecins, la perception du niveau de difficulté du stage et le degré de satisfaction face à l'évaluation finale. Les résultats pour les autres facteurs sont non statistiquement significatifs. En ce qui concerne le changement négatif du rang de la MF, 2 facteurs ont été identifiés, soit l'absence de modèle de rôle et le manque d'intérêt à revenir travailler dans le milieu. De nouveaux facteurs positifs sont identifiés, soit la perception face à l'ambiance générale et l'intérêt à revenir travailler dans le milieu de stage. CONCLUSION: Plusieurs facteurs propres au stage en MF semblent agir comme moteurs de changement potentiel en faveur de la MF. Cela pourrait servir à la production d'un outil d'évaluation et d'amélioration du stage en MF.

Family medicine rotations and medical students' intention to pursue family medicine: Descriptive study.

OBJECTIVE: To identify specific factors occurring during family medicine (FM) rotations that were associated with a change in intention to pursue FM. DESIGN: Transversal descriptive study. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed on SurveyMonkey between September 2015 and April 2016. SETTING: Family medicine rotation sites affiliated with the University of Montreal in Quebec. PARTICIPANTS: Medical students who were conducting their rotations at participating sites and who had not yet chosen their residency specialty. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Specific factors occurring during a rotation that influenced medical students' intention to pursue FM in residency. RESULTS: In the sample population, it was found that the FM rotation was generally highly appreciated by study participants, and that it improved the FM specialty's image while positively influencing the participants' intention to pursue FM. The degree of exposure to different areas of practice, overall atmosphere, the presence of role models, and the desire to return to the rotation site to practise were all moderately associated with a positive change in intention to pursue FM. There was a weak association between pursuing FM and participants' perception of physicians' interest in their work, rural rotation sites, positive interactions with physicians, perceptions of the rotation's level of difficulty, and degree of satisfaction with the final assessment. The results for other factors were not statistically significant. Concerning a negative change in the intention to pursue FM in residency, 2 factors were identified: the absence of a role model and lack of interest in returning to the rotation site. New positive factors were identified: overall atmosphere and the desire to return to the rotation site to practise. CONCLUSION: Several factors related to the FM rotations appeared to act as prime motivators for change toward pursuing FM. This could support the development of an assessment tool and the improvement of FM rotations.