trans-4-[(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-iminomethyl]-N-methyllpyridinium para-toluenesulfonate.

In the title compound, C15H18N3+*C7H7O3S-, the phenylene and pyridyl rings are somewhat twisted with respect to each other, forming a dihedral angle of 23.49 (6) degrees. The compound contains a dipolar chromophoric cation, but crystallizes in the centrosymmetric space group P2(1)/n and is thus not expected to display quadratic non-linear optical effects.

A comparison of the pentaammine(pyridyl)ruthenium(II) and 4-(dimethylamino)phenyl groups as electron donors for quadratic non-linear optics.

Hyper-Rayleigh scattering and Stark spectroscopic studies show that the complex salts [1-4]PF6 have larger static first hyperpolarizabilities beta 0 than [5-8]PF6, because the higher HOMO energy of a (RuII(NH3)5)2+ centre more than offsets the superior pi-orbital overlap in the purely organic chromophores.

Evidence for in vivo upregulation of the intestinal vitamin D receptor during dietary calcium restriction in the rat.

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] increases intestinal calcium absorption through events that include binding of 1,25(OH)2D3 to the intracellular vitamin D receptor. In vitro studies using mammalian cell cultures reveal an increase in vitamin D receptor content after exposure to 1,25(OH)2D3. To test the hypothesis that 1,25(OH)2D3 increases enterocyte vitamin D receptor content in vivo, male rats were fed either a normal calcium diet (NCD, 1.2% Ca) or low calcium diet (LCD, 0.002% Ca). After 21 d LCD increased serum 1,25(OH)2D3 levels (27 +/- 3 vs. 181 +/- 17 pg/ml, P less than 0.001) and increased transepithelial mucosal to serosal calcium fluxes (Jms) across duodenum (65 +/- 21 vs. 204 +/- 47 nmol/cm2.h, NCD vs. LCD, P less than 0.01) and jejunum (23 +/- 3 vs. 46 +/- 4, P less than 0.007). No change in serosal to mucosal calcium fluxes (Jsm) were observed. LCD increased 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor number threefold in duodenum (32.9 +/- 6.7 vs. 98.7 +/- 13.7 fmol 1,25(OH)2D3/mg protein) and jejunum (34.1 +/- 9.5 vs. 84.9 +/- 7.7) without a change in the receptor affinity for 1,25(OH)2D3 (Kd is 0.17 +/- 0.06 vs. 0.21 +/- 0.02 nM for NCD and LCD duodenum, respectively). Duodenal polyadenylated vitamin D receptor mRNA determined by Northern blot analysis did not increase appreciably during LCD, suggesting that upregulation in vivo may not be due primarily to increased receptor synthesis. The results of this study indicate that under physiologic conditions as during chronic dietary calcium restriction, increased intestinal vitamin D receptor content accompanies increased calcium active transport. Upregulation of the vitamin D receptor by 1,25(OH)2D3 may result primarily from posttranslational processes that decrease degradation of the receptor with increased receptor synthesis responsible for a negligible portion of the accumulation.