RESUMO
High flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is used to treat acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) even outside the ICU and the ROX index (pulse oximetry/fraction of inspired oxygen/respiratory rate) may predict HFNC failure. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this investigation was therefore to verify whether the ROX index is an accurate predictor of HFNC failure for COVID-19 patients treated outside the intensive care unit (ICU) and to evaluate the validity of the previously suggested threshold. DESIGN: Multicenter study. Retrospective observational analysis of prospectively collected data. SETTING: 3 centres specialized in non-invasive respiratory support (Buenos Aires, Argentina; Bolzano and Treviso, Italy). Patients treated outside the ICU were analysed MEASUREMENTS: The variables to calculate the ROX index were collected during the first day of therapy at 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours and then recorded every 24 hours. HFNC failure was defined as escalation of respiratory support to invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) or death. MAIN RESULTS: A total of 35 (29%) patients failed HFNC and required intubation. ROC analysis identified the 12-hour ROX index as the best predictor of intubation with an AUC of 0.7916[CI 95% 0.6905-0.8927] and the best threshold to be 5.99[Specificity 96% Sensitivity 62%]. In the survival analysis, a ROX value <5.99 was associated with an increased risk of failure (pâ¯=â¯0008â¯log - rank test). The threshold of 4,9 identified by Roca as the best predictor in non-COVID patients, was not able to discriminate between success and failure (pâ¯=â¯0.4â¯log-rank test) in our patients. CONCLUSIONS: ROX index may be useful in guiding the clinicians in their decision to intubate patients, especially in patients with moderate ARF, treated therefore outside the ICU. Indeed, it also demonstrates a different threshold value than reported for non-COVID patients, possibly related to the different mechanisms of hypoxia.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Ventilação não Invasiva , Oxigenoterapia/métodos , Insuficiência Respiratória/terapia , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Intubação Intratraqueal , Ventilação não Invasiva/métodos , Oximetria , Taxa Respiratória/fisiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
Resumen La utilización de tratamientos de soporte respiratorio no invasivos en la pandemia por COVID-19, es motivo de controversias. El objetivo de este trabajo observacional, fue mostrar la experiencia del primer mes desde la creación de la Unidad de Soporte Ventilatorio no Invasivo (USoVNI) en el Hospital Fernández. Se describe la creación de la unidad, relación profesional de atención-paciente, tipo de habitación, equipo de protección personal modificado, equipamiento de diagnóstico, monitoreo y soporte ventilatorio para tratamiento, criterios de inclusión y algoritmo de tratamiento. Ingresaron 40 pacientes, 25 (63%) derivados de Clínica Médica, 10 (25%) de Emergentología y 5 (13%) de guardia externa. Al ingreso, se calcularon los escores National Early Warning Score, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Disease Classification System II y Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, con medianas de 12, 8, y 2 puntos, respectivamente. El escore Lung Ultrasonography Score se tomó para cuantificar el compromiso pulmonar ecográficamente. Todos los pacientes ingresaron con máscara con reservorio, y fue estimada una fracción inspirada de O de 80% para el cálculo de la razón presión arterial de O / fracción inspirada de O (Pa/FiO ) de ingreso. El tiempo transcurrido desde el inicio de síntomas hasta el ingreso a la unidad tuvo una mediana de 13 días. El desarrollo de la USoVNI permitió que una gran proporción no fueran trasladados a la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva y podría ser beneficioso para preservar su capacidad. Nuestros resultados sugieren que estas unidades resultarían adecuadas para el tratamiento de la insuficiencia respiratoria aguda grave por COVID-19.
Abstract The use of non-invasive respiratory support in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is controversial. The aim of this observational study was to show the experience of the first month since the creation of a Non-invasive Ventilatory Support Unit (NIVSU) at Hospital Fernández. We describe the creation of the NIVSU, the health professional-patient ratio, the type of room, the modified personal protection equipment; diagnostic, monitoring and ventilatory support equipment for treatment, as well as the inclusion criteria and the treatment algorithm. Twenty five (63%) of patients were referred from the Internal Medicine Ward, 10 (25%)) from Shock Room, and 5 (13%) from Emergency Ward. National Early Warning Score, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Disease Classification System II and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, were calculated on admission, with a median of 12, 8, and 2 points, respectively. The Lung Ultrasonography Score was taken to quantify lung ultrasound findings. All patients were admitted with a reservoir mask, 80% inspired O fraction was estimated for the calculation of arterial O pressure/ inspired O fraction ratio (Pa/FiO ) at admission. The median of time elapsed from the onset of symptoms referred by the patient to UNIT admission was 13 days. The development of NIVSU prevented a large proportion of patients from being transferred to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and it could be beneficial in preserving ICUs capacity. These early results suggest that non-invasive treatment may be beneficial for the treatment of severe acute respiratory failure by COVID-19.
Assuntos
Humanos , Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave , COVID-19 , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2 , Unidades de Terapia IntensivaRESUMO
The use of non-invasive respiratory support in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is controversial. The aim of this observational study was to show the experience of the first month since the creation of a Non-invasive Ventilatory Support Unit (NIVSU) at Hospital Fernández. We describe the creation of the NIVSU, the health professional-patient ratio, the type of room, the modified personal protection equipment; diagnostic, monitoring and ventilatory support equipment for treatment, as well as the inclusion criteria and the treatment algorithm. Twenty five (63%) of patients were referred from the Internal Medicine Ward, 10 (25%)) from Shock Room, and 5 (13%) from Emergency Ward. National Early Warning Score, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Disease Classification System II and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, were calculated on admission, with a median of 12, 8, and 2 points, respectively. The Lung Ultrasonography Score was taken to quantify lung ultrasound findings. All patients were admitted with a reservoir mask, 80% inspired O2 fraction was estimated for the calculation of arterial O2 pressure/ inspired O2 fraction ratio (Pa/FiO2) at admission. The median of time elapsed from the onset of symptoms referred by the patient to UNIT admission was 13 days. The development of NIVSU prevented a large proportion of patients from being transferred to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and it could be beneficial in preserving ICUs capacity. These early results suggest that non-invasive treatment may be beneficial for the treatment of severe acute respiratory failure by COVID-19.
La utilización de tratamientos de soporte respiratorio no invasivos en la pandemia por COVID-19, es motivo de controversias. El objetivo de este trabajo observacional, fue mostrar la experiencia del primer mes desde la creación de la Unidad de Soporte Ventilatorio no Invasivo (USoVNI) en el Hospital Fernández. Se describe la creación de la unidad, relación profesional de atención-paciente, tipo de habitación, equipo de protección personal modificado, equipamiento de diagnóstico, monitoreo y soporte ventilatorio para tratamiento, criterios de inclusión y algoritmo de tratamiento. Ingresaron 4 0 pacientes, 25 (63%) derivados de Clínica Médica, 10 (25%) de Emergentología y 5 (13%) de guardia externa. Al ingreso, se calcularon los escores National Early Warning Score, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Disease Classification System II y Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, con medianas de 12, 8, y 2 puntos, respectivamente. El escore Lung Ultrasonography Score se tomó para cuantificar el compromiso pulmonar ecográficamente. Todos los pacientes ingresaron con máscara con reservorio, y fue estimada una fracción inspirada de O2 de 80% para el cálculo de la razón presión arterial de O2/ fracción inspirada de O2 (Pa/FiO2) de ingreso. El tiempo transcurrido desde el inicio de síntomas hasta el ingreso a la unidad tuvo una mediana de 13 días. El desarrollo de la USoVNI permitió que una gran proporción no fueran trasladados a la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva y podría ser beneficioso para preservar su capacidad. Nuestros resultados sugieren que estas unidades resultarían adecuadas para el tratamiento de la insuficiencia respiratoria aguda grave por COVID-19.
