Habitat-based cetacean density models for the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico.

Cetaceans are protected worldwide but vulnerable to incidental harm from an expanding array of human activities at sea. Managing potential hazards to these highly-mobile populations increasingly requires a detailed understanding of their seasonal distributions and habitats. Pursuant to the urgent need for this knowledge for the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico, we integrated 23 years of aerial and shipboard cetacean surveys, linked them to environmental covariates obtained from remote sensing and ocean models, and built habitat-based density models for 26 species and 3 multi-species guilds using distance sampling methodology. In the Atlantic, for 11 well-known species, model predictions resembled seasonal movement patterns previously suggested in the literature. For these we produced monthly mean density maps. For lesser-known taxa, and in the Gulf of Mexico, where seasonal movements were less well described, we produced year-round mean density maps. The results revealed high regional differences in small delphinoid densities, confirmed the importance of the continental slope to large delphinoids and of canyons and seamounts to beaked and sperm whales, and quantified seasonal shifts in the densities of migratory baleen whales. The density maps, freely available online, are the first for these regions to be published in the peer-reviewed literature.

[Growth references for weight and height for Argentinian girls and boys from birth to maturity: incorporation of data from the World Health Organisation from birth to 2 years and calculation of new percentiles and LMS values]. / Referencias de peso y estatura desde el nacimiento hasta la madurez para niñas y niños argentinos: Incorporación de datos de la OMS de 0 a 2 años, recálculo de percentilos para obtención de valores LMS.

Argentine growth references have been widely used by paediatricians in the country for the last 20 years. Two main difficulties were detected during this period: the lack of data on breast-fed children in the first months of age, and problems in the calculation of "z" scores. On these basis, local data on weight and height during the first two years of life were replaced by data from the longitudinal international study recently carried out by WHO. L, M and S values were obtained from the original percentile data for ages 2 to maturity, and smoothed with cubic splines. Selected percentiles for weight and height from birth to maturity were then re-calculated using LMS values. Charts were designed in two formats: birth to maturity and birth to 6.0 years. Now, users can calculate "z" scores automatically at the new site provided by the Department of Growth and Development, Hospital Garrahan, which enables the use of the LMS growth programme. We have also incorporated into the new charts, percentiles of the age of attaining menarche and Tanner s stage II of breast, genitalia and pubic hair for Argentine children. We think the new references represent an improvement in the assessment of growth in our country.

Referencias de peso y estatura desde el nacimiento hasta la madurez para niñas y niños argentinos: Incorporación de datos de la OMS de 0 a 2 años, recálculo de percentilos para obtención de valores LMS / Growth references for weight and height for Argentinian girls and boys from birth to maturity: Incorporation of data from the World Health Organisation from birth to 2 years and calculation of new percentiles and LMS values

Las tablas de crecimiento nacionales se han estado empleando por más de 20 años. En este período mostraron dos carencias: la falta de datos de niños alimentados a pecho en los primeros años de vida y la dificultad de calcular puntajes “z”. Afortunadamente, la OMS publicó recientemente datos longitudinales de crecimiento en niños amamantados de 0 a 2 años, información que hemos incorporadoa las tablas nacionales en este intervalo etario. La segunda carencia fue resuelta mediante el método LMS para el cálculo de nuevos percentilos. Los valores de mediana (M), coeficientes de variación(S) y asimetría (L) se suavizaron ajustando splines cúbicos. Se publican los percentilos seleccionados y los valores de L, M y S para edades en intervalos anuales. Los pediatras y otros usuarios pueden ahora calcular los puntajes “z” automáticamente en el sitio correspondiente de Internet provisto por el Servicio de Crecimiento y Desarrollo del Hospital Garrahan, que permite usar el programa LMS growth: www.garrahan.gov.ar/tdecrecimiento.Se prepararon nuevos gráficos con el mismo formato anterior, para rangos etarios de 0-19 y de 0-6 años para cada sexo. Se incorporaron los percentilos 3° y 97° de la edad de comienzo del estadio II de Tanner para genitales, mamas y vello pubiano en niñas y niños argentinos y edad de la menarca. Pensamos que las nuevas tablas representan un progreso para la evaluación del crecimiento y la nutrición de niños en nuestro país.

Argentine growth references have been widely used by paediatricians in the country for the last 20 years. Two main difficulties were detected during this period: the lack of data on breast-fed children in the first months of age, and problems in the calculation of “z” scores. On these basis, local data on weight and height during the first two years of life were replaced by data from the longitudinal international studyrecently carried out by WHO. L, M and S values were obtained from the original percentile data for ages 2 to maturity, and smoothed with cubic splines. Selected pecentiles for weight and height from birth to maturity were then re-calculated using LMS values. Charts were designed in two formats: birth to maturity and birth to 6.0 years. Now, users can calculate “z” scores automatically at the new site provided bythe Department of Growth and Development, Hospital Garrahan, which enables the use of the LMS growth programme. We have also incorporated into the new charts, percentiles of the age of attaining menarche and Tanner´s stage II of breast, genitalia and pubic hair for Argentine children. We think thenew references represent an improvement in the assessment of growth in our country.

Referencias de peso y estatura desde el nacimiento hasta la madurez para niñas y niños argentinos: Incorporación de datos de la OMS de 0 a 2 años, recálculo de percentilos para obtención de valores LMS / Growth references for weight and height for Argentinian girls and boys from birth to maturity: Incorporation of data from the World Health Organisation from birth to 2 years and calculation of new percentiles and LMS values

Las tablas de crecimiento nacionales se han estado empleando por más de 20 años. En este período mostraron dos carencias: la falta de datos de niños alimentados a pecho en los primeros años de vida y la dificultad de calcular puntajes ¶z÷. Afortunadamente, la OMS publicó recientemente datos longitudinales de crecimiento en niños amamantados de 0 a 2 años, información que hemos incorporadoa las tablas nacionales en este intervalo etario. La segunda carencia fue resuelta mediante el método LMS para el cálculo de nuevos percentilos. Los valores de mediana (M), coeficientes de variación(S) y asimetría (L) se suavizaron ajustando splines cúbicos. Se publican los percentilos seleccionados y los valores de L, M y S para edades en intervalos anuales. Los pediatras y otros usuarios pueden ahora calcular los puntajes ¶z÷ automáticamente en el sitio correspondiente de Internet provisto por el Servicio de Crecimiento y Desarrollo del Hospital Garrahan, que permite usar el programa LMS growth: www.garrahan.gov.ar/tdecrecimiento.Se prepararon nuevos gráficos con el mismo formato anterior, para rangos etarios de 0-19 y de 0-6 años para cada sexo. Se incorporaron los percentilos 3º y 97º de la edad de comienzo del estadio II de Tanner para genitales, mamas y vello pubiano en niñas y niños argentinos y edad de la menarca. Pensamos que las nuevas tablas representan un progreso para la evaluación del crecimiento y la nutrición de niño

Argentine growth references have been widely used by paediatricians in the country for the last 20 years. Two main difficulties were detected during this period: the lack of data on breast-fed children in the first months of age, and problems in the calculation of ¶z÷ scores. On these basis, local data on weight and height during the first two years of life were replaced by data from the longitudinal international studyrecently carried out by WHO. L, M and S values were obtained from the original percentile data for ages 2 to maturity, and smoothed with cubic splines. Selected pecentiles for weight and height from birth to maturity were then re-calculated using LMS values. Charts were designed in two formats: birth to maturity and birth to 6.0 years. Now, users can calculate ¶z÷ scores automatically at the new site provided bythe Department of Growth and Development, Hospital Garrahan, which enables the use of the LMS growth programme. We have also incorporated into the new charts, percentiles of the age of attaining menarche and Tanner´s stage II of breast, genitalia and pubic hair for Argentine children. We think thenew references represent an improvement in the assessment of growth in our country.(AU)