Use of parent education to improve self-efficacy in parents of students with emotional and behavioral disorders.

The results of a practice-based research project are described, in which parents of students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) participated in a parent education presentation aimed at increasing parental self-efficacy. Results indicated that parents who participated did increase both their parental self-efficacy in regard to influencing their child's school-related performance and helping their child succeed in school. Qualitatively, parents also reported the parent education was helpful and that they had tried suggested interventions at home. Though a small-scale pilot project, results are promising and suggest parent education is a feasible technique school districts can use to reach parents of students with EBD. Limitations and future directions are discussed.

The utility of CT for predicting bile leaks in hepatic trauma.

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of CT to predict the development of bile leaks in hepatic trauma. This HIPAA-compliant retrospective study was IRB approved and consent was waived. All patients who sustained hepatic trauma between January 1, 2006, and January 31, 2012, and who underwent CT and hepatobiliary scans during the same hospital admission were included. One hundred and thirty-two patients met the inclusion criteria. Comparison between the presence of biliary injury relative to American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) hepatic injury grade and mean distance of the hepatic laceration to the inferior vena cava (IVC) was made. The ability of free fluid to predict bile injury was analyzed. Forty-one (31 %) of the 132 patients had positive hepatobiliary scans. Of these 41 patients, seven (17 %) sustained low-grade and 34 (83 %) sustained high-grade hepatic injury compared with the 37 (41 %) low-grade and 54 (59 %) high-grade hepatic injuries in the negative hepatobiliary scan group. The mean distance to the IVC was 2.4 cm (SD 2.9 cm) and 3.6 cm (SD 3.3 cm) in patients with and without bile leaks, respectively. A statistically significant difference in the proportion of high-grade injuries and the mean distance from the IVC between the two groups was identified. The presence of free fluid on CT is sensitive, but not specific, for detecting a bile leak. CT findings, including AAST liver injury grade and location of the liver laceration, are able to predict which patients are at risk for developing bile leaks as seen on hepatobiliary scintigraphy, whereas the presence of free fluid is not.