[Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: descriptive study of our experience with 36 cases]. / Neumomediastino espontáneo: estudio descriptivo de nuestra experiencia basada en 36 casos.

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is defined as a primary process characterized by the presence of air or gas in the mediastinum. We report all the cases of spontaneous pneumomediastinum diagnosed in our hospital between January 1996 and December 2004. We developed a protocol for data collection that included the following: medical history, triggers, signs, radiology, treatment, hospital stay, and complications. During this period we diagnosed 36 cases--25 men (69.4%) and 11 women (27.5%)--with a mean age of 36.8 years (range, 11-90 years) and a mean hospital stay of 8.56 days (range, 1-53 days). The most common clinical presentation was chest pain, either isolated (27%) or with associated dyspnea (19.4%). A triggering factor was identified for 14 patients (38.8%). There was no associated morbidity or mortality. In view of our findings, we concluded that spontaneous pneumomediastinum is an uncommon entity with considerable clinical variability and that correct diagnosis requires a high level of suspicion. Radiography provides the best evidence for diagnosis.

Neumomediastino espontáneo: estudio descriptivo de nuestra experiencia basada en 36 casos / Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: descriptive study of our experience with 36 cases

El neumomediastino espontáneo se define como la presencia de aire o gas en el mediastino de forma primaria. Presentamos todos los casos de neumomediastino espontáneo hallados en nuestro hospital entre enero de 1996 y diciembre de 2004. Para ello, elaboramos un protocolo de recogida de datos que incluyó: antecedentes personales, desencadenantes, semiología, radiología, tratamiento, estancia y complicaciones. En este período diagnosticamos 36 casos --25 varones (69,4%) y 11 mujeres (27,5%)--, con una edad media de 36,8 años (rango: 11-90) y estancia media de 8,56 días (rango: 1-53). El cuadro clínico más habitual fue el dolor torácico, aislado (27%) o asociado a disnea (19,4%). En 14 pacientes (38,8%) hubo factor desencadenante. No hubo morbimortalidad asociada al proceso. Por todo ello, se concluye que el neumomediastino espontáneo es una entidad infrecuente, con gran variabilidad clínica, cuyo diagnóstico correcto exige un alto índice de sospecha, y la radiografía de tórax es la prueba idónea para ello

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is defined as a primary process characterized by the presence of air or gas in the mediastinum. We report all the cases of spontaneous pneumomediastinum diagnosed in our hospital between January 1996 and December 2004. We developed a protocol for data collection that included the following: medical history, triggers, signs, radiology, treatment, hospital stay, and complications. During this period we diagnosed 36 cases--25 men (69.4%) and 11 women (27.5%)--with a mean age of 36.8 years (range, 11-90 years) and a mean hospital stay of 8.56 days (range, 1-53 days). The most common clinical presentation was chest pain, either isolated (27%) or with associated dyspnea (19.4%). A triggering factor was identified for 14 patients (38.8%). There was no associated morbidity or mortality. In view of our findings, we concluded that spontaneous pneumomediastinum is an uncommon entity with considerable clinical variability and that correct diagnosis requires a high level of suspicion. Radiography provides the best evidence for diagnosis