Population exposure to electromagnetic fields generated by radio base stations: evaluation of the urban background by using provisional model and instrumental measurements.

Electromagnetic radiation, which is used by broadcasting and mobile telephone systems to transmit information, permeates the city environment. In order to properly evaluate population exposure to electromagnetic fields, knowledge of their intensity and spectral components is necessary. In this study the results of radiofrequency field monitoring carried out in Torino, a large town located in the north-west of Italy are shown: the variation of the electromagnetic field strength is evaluated as a function of the height from the ground, the location in the urban area and the frequency. separating the contributions of the different sources (broadcasting antennas and radio base stations for mobile phones). Furthermore, the contribution of the radio base stations is theoretically evaluated, adding the emissions off all installations situated in Torino and examining the field strength maps calculated, considering the orography, for different heights. The theoretical values are also compared with those measured in the frequency range of mobile telephony emissions.

[Use of screening for amino acid disorders in the study of the nutrition of the newborn infant: various milk formulas and changes in plasma amino acids]. / Utilizzazione dello "screening" per le aminoacidopatie nello studio dell'alimentazione del neonato: formule lattee diverse e variazioni degli aminoacidi plasmatici.

A sample of 1326 new-born babies has been studied regarding the influence of the milk diet over some plasma-serum amino acids. The Authors have make use of the screening of the congenital errors of the protein metabolism. New-born babies were bled on the fifth or sixth day of life and their blood was analysed at first with the Guthrie test and then with automatic chromatographic determination. New-born babies have been arranged according to their gestational age, birth weight and intrauterine growth. More then 90% of the sample was formed by normal for gestational age new-born babies. We have make use of five different milk formulas: a mixed one (human milk with adapted milks), three powdered milks with three different casein-serum proteins ratio and finally cow's milk with 50% water. The best formula among these ones has been the human milk mixed with adapted milks. The completely artificial formulas, but with casein/serum proteins ratio lower or equal to one, has given rise to a few amino acid alterations, too. On the contrary, the cow's milk mixed with water and the artificial powdered milks with a casein-serum proteins ratio equal to 4.5 shouldn't be utilized in the new-born baby's diet, as they may provoke remarkable alteration in the amino acid metabolism.