Alternative fuel technologies emissions for road heavy-duty trucks: a review.

Many alternative fuel technologies have been studied for the transport sector to increase its sustainability while reducing costs, greenhouse gases (GHG), and air pollution emissions. Nevertheless, conventional diesel is still the predominant fuel for heavy-duty trucks. Road freight transport consumes 25% of the world's energy and is responsible for emissions with local health impacts and the global greenhouse effect. In this context, this paper reviewed items from 2015 to 2020 to analyze the technologies available for the road freight transport regarding pollutant and GHG emissions. Results are presented in two parts: first quantitatively, quantitative data was extracted from reviewed papers and statistically treated and, second, qualitatively through a comparative chart, which shows the impact on air pollutants from the use of a different type of fuels. In general, papers are mostly concerned with particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and hydrocarbons (HC) emissions due to its impact on public health, with a low number of papers covering GHG emissions. The trade-off between different fuels and how this process can impact emissions, sometimes increasing or decreasing specific pollutants, is discussed. According to the analyzed papers, the main characteristics that affect the pollutant emissions are, in general, the fuel oxygen content and the combustion chamber temperature.

Perspectivas da gestão de energia em âmbito municipal no Brasil / Energy Management Perspectives in Brazil

Neste artigo a transição energética é tratada sob a perspectiva da descentralização da gestão energética. Em linhas gerais, essa transformação pode estar relacionada à diversificação da matriz energética, ao empoderamento dos diversos atores sociais e dos governos estaduais e municipais na gestão e planejamento energético das cidades, e isso inclui desde projetos de conservação e de eficiência energética para todos os setores econômicos, até uma maior transparência governamental e engajamento da população no planejamento das cidades. À luz da experiência internacional na gestão energética descentralizada este trabalho analisa as possibilidades de sua implementação no contexto das cidades brasileiras. (AU)

This article addresses energy transition from the perspective of the decentralization of energy management. Broadly speaking, this transformation may be related to diversification of the energy matrix and to empowerment of the various social players and of state and local governments in urban energy management and planning, from projects for energy conservation and efficiency in every industry to greater government transparency and population engagement in urban planning. In light of the international experience in decentralized energy management, this paper analyzes the possibilities of its implementation in Brazilian cities. (AU)