Health Status of Asylum Seekers, Spain.

The rising rate of conflicts and the unsafe situation caused by reasons of ethnicity, religion, gender, sexual orientation, political opinion, or nationality entail an increase in the number of migratory movements. The goal of this article is to describe the health status of asylum seekers visited in an international health center. We conducted a retrospective study of the asylum seekers visited between July 2013 and June 2016. A total of 303 cases were included. The median age was 28.0 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 21-35), and 203 (67.0%) were men. Of the total, 128 cases (42.2%) were from Asia, 82 (27.1%) from Eastern Europe, 42 (13.9%) from sub-Saharan Africa, 34 (11.2%) from America, and 17 (5.6%) from Maghreb. The majority, 287 (94.7%), were asymptomatic. Seventy of the 303 (23.1%) cases were diagnosed with at least one infection, this being more prevalent in men; migrants from sub-Saharan Africa; and in those who took a land-maritime migratory route. Eight of the 303 (2.6%) cases were referred to the transcultural psychiatric department. Two important challenges of the study were the communication barriers and the legal or social situation that condition the psychological symptoms. In 48 of the 303 (15.8%) cases, there was diagnosed a noncommunicable diseases. The process of care was completed by 82.5%; although 21.9% completed the vaccination for hepatitis B. The asylum seekers in this study were in general healthy young men, although special attention was given to infectious diseases with certain geoepidemiological backgrounds. Unstable living arrangements, linguistic, and cultural barriers could account for the failure of the course of care.

[PELFI Project: Recruitment and Sociodemographic Characteristics of Immigrant and Autochthonous Families from Alicante and Barcelona City Subcohorts]. / Proyecto PELFI: reclutamiento y características sociodemográficas de las familias inmigradas y autóctonas de las sub-cohortes de Alicante y Barcelona.

This study is a part of the multi-centre project "Platform of Longitudinal Studies of Immigrant Families (PELFI)" of the Immigration and Health Subprogram of the CIBER-ESP. It describes the field work and data collection of two sub-cohorts of immigrant and native families, and their main socio-demographic characteristics. Prospective observational cohort study in carried out in Barcelona and Alicante, Spain. The study population is a a non-probabilistic sample of 180 families of Colombian, Ecuadorian and Moroccan origin and 50 families of Spanish origin. We interviewed adults aged 18-65 years and adolescents aged 12-17 years in each family, through two questionnaires (adolescent/adult). The cooperation rate was 82.0% with an average recruitment rate of 1.3 families per day. In total, 250 families have been recruited, 82 from Ecuador, 82 from Colombia, 29 from Morocco and 57 from Spain. A total of 473 adults (59.8% women and 68.5% employed) were surveyed. Immigrant adults have an average of 13 years living in Spain. A total of 304 adolescents (53.9% female, 27.1% born in Spain but with immigrant parents) were surveyed. The combination of non-probabilistic techniques promoted access and improved recruitment speed. This study provides key information for the design and improvement of cohort studies with immigrant families.

Este artículo corresponde al "Proyecto de Estudios Longitudinales de Familias Inmigradas (PELFI)" del Subprograma de Inmigración y Salud del CIBERESP y describe el trabajo de campo basal y principales características socio-demográficas de dos sub-cohortes de familias inmigrantes y autóctonas. El diseño es observacional prospectivo. La población de estudio se definió como una muestra no probabilística de 180 familias de origen colombiano, ecuatoriano y marroquí y 50 españolas. Se entrevistó a a 473 personas adultas entre 18 y 65 años (59,8% mujeres, 68,5% ocupados/as) y a 304 adolescentes entre 12 y17 años (53,9% mujeres, 27,1% nacidos en España pero de padres inmigrados) de cada familia, mediante dos cuestionarios diseñados ad hoc. La tasa de cooperación fue del 82,0% con una velocidad media de reclutamiento de 1,3 familias diarias. En total, se reclutó a 250 familias, 82 procedentes de Ecuador, 82 de Colombia, 29 de Marruecos y 57 españolas. Los adultos inmigrados llevaban una media de 13 años en España. Las combinación de técnicas no probabilísticas permitió el acceso y velocidad de reclutamiento. Este estudio aporta información clave para el diseño y mejora de este tipo de cohortes en familias inmigradas.

Proyecto PELFI: reclutamiento y características sociodemográficas de las familias inmigradas y autóctonas de las subcohortes de Alicante y Barcelona / PELFI proyect: recruiment and sociodemographic characteristics of immigrant and autochthonous families from Alicante and Barcelona city subcohorts

Este artículo corresponde al 'Proyecto de Estudios Longitudinales de Familias Inmigradas (PELFI)' del Subprograma de Inmigración y Salud del CIBERESP y describe el trabajo de campo basal y principales características socio-demográficas de dos sub-cohortes de familias inmigrantes y autóctonas. El diseño es observacional prospectivo. La población de estudio se definió como una muestra no probabilística de 180 familias de origen colombiano, ecuatoriano y marroquí y 50 españolas. Se entrevistó a a 473 personas adultas entre 18 y 65 años (59,8% mujeres, 68,5% ocupados/ as) y a 304 adolescentes entre 12 y17 años (53,9% mujeres, 27,1% nacidos en España pero de padres inmigrados) de cada familia, mediante dos cuestionarios diseñados ad hoc. La tasa de cooperación fue del 82,0% con una velocidad media de reclutamiento de 1,3 familias diarias. En total, se reclutó a 250 familias, 82 procedentes de Ecuador, 82 de Colombia, 29 de Marruecos y 57 españolas. Los adultos inmigrados llevaban una media de 13 años en España. Las combinación de técnicas no probabilísticas permitió el acceso y velocidad de reclutamiento. Este estudio aporta información clave para el diseño y mejora de este tipo de cohortes en familias inmigradas (AU)

This study is a part of the multi-centre project 'Platform of Longitudinal Studies of Immigrant Families (PELFI)' of the Immigration and Health Subprogram of the CIBER-ESP. It describes the field work and data collection of two sub-cohorts of immigrant and native families, and their main socio-demographic characteristics. Prospective observational cohort study in carried out in Barcelona and Alicante, Spain. The study population is a a non-probabilistic sample of 180 families of Colombian, Ecuadorian and Moroccan origin and 50 families of Spanish origin. We interviewed adults aged 18-65 years and adolescents aged 12-17 years in each family, through two questionnaires (adolescent/ adult). The cooperation rate was 82.0% with an average recruitment rate of 1.3 families per day. In total, 250 families have been recruited, 82 from Ecuador, 82 from Colombia, 29 from Morocco and 57 from Spain. A total of 473 adults (59.8% women and 68.5% employed) were surveyed. Immigrant adults have an average of 13 years living in Spain. A total of 304 adolescents (53.9% female, 27.1% born in Spain but with immigrant parents) were surveyed. The combination of non-probabilistic techniques promoted access and improved recruitment speed. This study provides key information for the design and improvement of cohort studies with immigrant families (AU)

Salud mental de la población inmigrante en España / Mental health in the immigran population in Spain

Fundamentos: La relación entre las migraciones de las personas y la repercusión en su salud mental es un tema complejo en su estudio por las múltiples variables que hay en juego.El objetivo de la investigación fue describir el estado de la salud mental de la población inmigrante de España. Métodos: Revisión bibliográfica de los artículos originales publicadosen español o inglés en el periodo 1998-2012. Se seleccionaron investigaciones realizadas en España y que cumplieran la definición de inmigrante de la Organización Internacional de Migraciones. La búsqueda bibliográfica se realizó en Medline y MEDES. Resultados: Gran parte de los estudios revisados tienen un enfoque social y epidemiológico, con referencia a las condiciones socio-económicas del colectivo inmigrante. Factores laborales y psicosociales son determinantes en su salud mental. Conclusiones: Los principales resultados de los estudios realizados en este campo resultan inconsistentes, cuando no contradictorios. La falta de consistencia en los resultados revela cómo este campo está todavía en una fase muy temprana de desarrollo (AU)

Background: The relationship between migration of people and the impact on their mental health is a complex issue, and its study implies multiple variables at stake . The objective is to describe the state of the mental health of the immigrant population in Spain. Methods: scoping Review of the literature published in the period 1998-2012. Articles in Spanish or English developed in Spain and that fulfil the definition of immigrant from the International Organization for Migration were selected. The literature search was performed in Medline and MEDES. The main characteristics of the articles are described. The period of maximum production is between 2004 and 2011. The country of origin is the most common way of classifying immigrants. Results:Most of the studies reviewed have a social and epidemiological approach, making many references to the socio-economic conditions of the inmigrant collective. Work and psychosocial factors are crucial to the mental health of immigrants. The migration process is a risk factor itself, and if personal, social or familial vulnerability is added, all of which may promote the development of mental disorders. Conclusion: The main results of the studies conducted in this field are inconsistent, if not contradictory. Lack of consistency in the results reveals how this field is still in a very early stage (AU)

[Mental health in the immigrant population in Spain]. / Salud mental de la población inmigrante en España.

BACKGROUND: The relationship between migration of people and the impact on their mental health is a complex issue, and its study implies multiple variables at stake. The objective is to describe the state of the mental health of the immigrant population in Spain. METHODS: scoping Review of the literature published in the period 1998-2012. Articles in Spanish or English developed in Spain and that fulfil the definition of immigrant from the International Organization for Migration were selected. The literature search was performed in Medline and MEDES. The main characteristics of the articles are described. The period of maximum production is between 2004 and 2011. The country of origin is the most common way of classifying immigrants. RESULTS: Most of the studies reviewed have a social and epidemiological approach, making many references to the socio-economic conditions of the inmigrant collective. Work and psychosocial factors are crucial to the mental health of immigrants. The migration process is a risk factor itself, and if personal, social or familial vulnerability is added, all of which may promote the development of mental disorders. CONCLUSION: The main results of the studies conducted in this field are inconsistent, if not contradictory. Lack of consistency in the results reveals how this field is still in a very early stage.

El modelo americano de competencia cultural psicoterapéutica y su aplicabilidad en nuestro medio / The north american psychotherapy cultural competence model and its applicability in Spain

La progresiva presencia de usuarios culturalmente diferentes en los servicios de salud mental constituye un retoimportante para la calidad asistencial. Se ha propuesto la competencia cultural como un enfoque general paramejorar estos servicios, lo que implica cambios tanto a nivel institucional como clínico. La gran mayoría de losmodelos de competencia cultural se han desarrollado en los Estados Unidos. La competencia cultural clínica consisteen la adquisición de unos conocimientos específicos, unas habilidades y unas actitudes con los que poderofrecer un tratamiento adecuado, individualizado y culturalmente sensible. Pese a disfrutar de un esperanzadorcomienzo, la competencia cultural en salud mental necesita hoy en día un mayor impulso que permita su correctadefinición y adaptación de cara a su efectiva aplicación en el contexto español

The increasing presence of culturally different clients in Spanish mental health services constitutes an importantchallenge for the effective delivery of care. Cultural competence has been proposed as a general approach forimproving services, which requires changes at both institutional and clinical levels. The vast majority of culturalcompetence models have been developed in the United States. Clinical cultural competence consists of specificknowledge, skills, and attitudes that function together to provide an individualized, cultural sensitive and appropriatetreatment. Although a very promising start, cultural competence in mental health needs to be further defined,adapted, and researched for effective application in the Spanish context