The Eye in Forensic Medicine: A Narrative Review.

ABSTRACT: The eye, with its distinctive anatomy, not only reflects a wide variety of diseases in life but also undergoes a myriad of post-mortem changes. Consequently, the eye has long been an area of interest in forensic science, primarily for the estimation of post-mortem interval and therefore the time of death and also for assistance in ascertaining the cause of death. There has been significant progress in the knowledge of ophthalmic forensic science using new technologies which have allowed further possibilities to arise where understanding of this field can assist the forensic pathologist. This review aims to highlight the current knowledge which exists in this field and also to identify important avenues for further investigation. Post-mortem changes of the eye along with its current applications and challenges will be discussed. These include the important areas of post-mortem iris biometrics, pupil size correlation with post-mortem interval, use of point-of-care technology on vitreous humor, and the use of ophthalmic imaging in pediatric abusive head trauma.

The importance of scene photography in routine coronial practice: Results of an audit with an illustrative case of suspected suicidal fatal air embolism.

Pathologists providing a coronial autopsy service are very reliant on the information, including that concerning the body at the scene, provided prior to the post-mortem examination. This ensures the case is appropriate for a non-forensic autopsy and allows proper interpretation of the pathological and laboratory findings. We present the results of an audit of the extent and accuracy of the information provided (in terms of a set of descriptors), in relation to the body at the scene; whether just the information on the coronial autopsy request form 97a is used, or if it is supplemented with details from the police form 97 and statements from attending officers and scene witnesses. The scene photographs were then reviewed to assess the accuracy of the other information sources and their value to the reporting pathologist. The audit showed that scene photographs are undertaken surprisingly frequently (29.6%) but this was only clear from the coronial request in 22% of referrals. More information was consistently available in the police information for most of the scene descriptors. This was usually accurate, but only partially so, with an average of 19% of relevant features. Viewing the scene photographs was deemed beneficial or essential in 51% and 41.1% of cases. The value of scene photography is then illustrated in a case of suspected suicidal venous air embolism, where subsequent review of the images pointed strongly to the rapidity of death, with minimal blood loss but obvious targeting of a very large varicose saphenous vein in the upper thigh.

Polypoid pseudomyxoma of ascending aorta after replacement with a Dacron graft.

We report a 58-year-old man who had a multi-lobulated pseudomyxomatous lesion in his ascending aorta 6 months after his root and ascending aorta was replaced by a Dacron graft.