Conjugated linoleic acid in meat and meat products: A review.

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) consists of a group of geometric and positional isomers of linoleic acid to which anticancerogenic, antidiabetic, and antiatherogenic effects, as well as effects on immune system, bone metabolism, and body composition are attributed. CLA is found predominantly in milk and meat of ruminants due to the importance of rumen micro-organism in the formation of CLA and its precursors. This review attempts to give an overview of the available data on intramuscular CLA concentrations in meat and meat products originating from different animal species. The factors influencing these concentrations are discussed and the estimated human daily intakes as well as the percentage provided by meat are reported.

High-frequency EPR study of a new mononuclear manganese(III) complex:. [(terpy)Mn(N3)3] (terpy = 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine).

The isolation and structural characterization of [(terpy)Mn(III)(N3)3], complex 1, is reported (terpy = 2,2':6',2' '-terpyridine). Complex 1, a product of the reaction between the mixed-valence dimer [(terpy)(H2O)Mn(III)(O)2Mn(IV)(OH2)(terpy)](NO3)3 and NaN3, crystallizes in a triclinic system, space group P1, a = 8.480(1) A, b = 8.9007(2) A, c = 12.109(2) A, alpha = 93.79(1) degrees, beta = 103.17(1) degrees, gamma = 103.11(1) degrees, and Z = 2. Complex 1 exhibits a Jahn-Teller distortion of the octahedron characteristic of a six-coordinated high-spin Mn(III). A vibrational spectroscopic study was performed. The nu(asym)(N3) mode of complex 1 appears in the IR as a strong band at 2035 cm(-1) with a less intense feature at 2072 cm(-1), and in the FT-Raman as a strong band at 2071 cm(-1) with a weaker broad band at 2046 cm(-1). The electronic properties of complex 1 were investigated using a high-field and high-frequency EPR study (190-475 GHz). The different spin Hamiltonian parameters have been determined (D = -3.29 (+/-0.01) cm(-1), E = 0.48 (+/-0.01) cm(-1), E '= 0.53 (+/-0.01) cm(-1), g(x) = 2.00 (+/-0.005), g(y) = 1.98 (+/-0.005), g(z) = 2.01 (+/-0.005)). These parameters are in agreement with the geometry of complex 1 observed in the crystal structure, a D < 0 related to the elongated distortion, and a value of E/D close to 0.2 as expected from the highly distorted octahedron. The two values of the E-parameter are explained by the presence of two slightly different structural forms of complex 1 in the crystal lattice. A second hypothesis was explored to explain the experimental data. The calculation for the simulation was done taking into account that the g and D tensors are not collinear due to the low symmetry of complex 1. In that case, the spin Hamiltonian parameters found are D = -3.29 (+/-0.01) cm(-1), E = 0.51 (+/-0.01) cm(-1), g(x) = 2.00 (+/-0.005), g(y) = 1.98 (+/-0.005), and g(z) = 2.01 (+/-0.005).

[Leg ulcer and Klinefelter syndrome]. / Ulcère de jambe et syndrome de Klinefelter.

We report a case of 47 years old patient who was admitted to hospital because of bilateral leg ulcers for 6 years. Chromosome analysis revealed XXY karyotype, confirming the clinical diagnosis of Klinefelter's syndrome. Testosterone level was low and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor (PAI-1) was elevated. The patient was given androgen therapy which resulted in a normalization of the PAI-1 activity. The frequency of leg ulcers in patients with Klinefelter syndrome is between 6 and 12% according to studies. Different causes would explain the tendency towards leg ulcers in Klinefelter's syndrome: conjunctive tissues abnormalities were revealed in some studies. A higher frequency of venous insufficiency is reported in patients with Klinefelter's syndrome, either due to the particular morphology (obesity, taller size) or due to an androgen deficiency. A few arterial dysplasias cases of arteries's legs were described in patients with leg ulcers and Klinefelter syndrome. Haemostasis disorders presented in this case and normalized after androgen therapy will contribute to the physiopathologic discussion.