Altered anatomy in a case with a buccally impacted maxillary canine tooth.

Bilateral dissections of maxilla were performed in a human adult cadaver head, male, aged 53 years. After the en block removal of the soft tissues in the oral and infraorbital regions, the antero-lateral surface of maxilla was exposed and also the vestibular aspect of the upper alveolar process. An oblique labially impacted right upper canine was evidenced, completely submucosal: its apex was tangent to the maxillary sinus floor, while the superior side of the apical part of the root was in close relation with the floor of the laterally expanded inferior nasal meatus. Superior and adjacent to the neck of that impacted canine a follicular cyst was evidenced and the antral wall presented distally to the apex of the impacted canine a dehiscent area, where the antral mucosa was only covered by an incomplete thin bony lamella. The incisors on that side were present but no resorption was identified at their level. Within the anterior border of the wall separating the maxillary sinus, small, and the inferior nasal meatus, the nerve for that impacted canine was coursing; the nerves for the upper incisors were initially located within the antero-lateral wall of the inferior nasal meatus. Although small, the maxillary sinus presented a supero-medial recess above the enlarged inferior nasal meatus and lateral to the normally-sized middle nasal meatus.

Orthodontically induced root resorption correlated with morphological characteristics.

UNLABELLED: Orthodontically induced root resorption is an irreversible process that can have medical, ethical and legal implications. AIM: The objective of this research was to identify morphological risk factors, in order to prevent it. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We realized a retrospective study on 50 patients and made correlation between the prevalence and gravity of radiological identified root resorption and multiple biological and anatomical features. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We found that, when removable orthodontic appliances were used, there were not found root resorption (0%), and in cases in which fixed appliances were used, the root resorption was found, and it generally presented a high prevalence (96%) and low severity. Prevalence of root resorption is influenced by the sex and age of the patients (is greater for males than for females and higher in older patients). Topographically, differences were found in prevalence of root resorption (79.33% in mandibullary frontal teeth and 74% in the maxillary ones). The highest prevalence of root resorption was found in the lower central incisor (86%). Prevalence of root resorption is higher when there are alterations of the normal anatomy (facial hypo- or hyperdivergence, Angle class II and III malocclusion, angulated roots). Some anatomical aspects may present a fact of prevision of the appearance of root resorption within the orthodontic treatment.