Patient's self-reported quality of life as a prognostic factor in metastatic renal cell carcinoma initially treated with TKI: nomogram proposal.

BACKGROUND: Numerous prognostic factors have been described for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). There are nomograms to assist in clinical decision-making and inform patients of their disease progression. However, they have a limited capacity and moderate concordance rates. Performance status (PS) is one of the most widely used prognostic factors and most closely related to overall survival (OS), but this is a subjective assessment based solely on the clinician's opinion. Patients must be at the center of care. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) have shown benefits but are not widespread in daily clinical practice. METHODS: We analyzed 78 consecutive patients diagnosed with mRCC who initiated treatment at our institution between September 2012 and September 2019. We performed a descriptive analysis of the sample's baseline characteristics and the NCCN FKSI 19 questionnaire. We also conducted a survival analysis. RESULTS: The baseline FKSI 19 score demonstrates its prognostic potential, HR of 0.94 (95% CI 0.92-0.97). Our prognostic model would include: FKSI < 58 (HR 3.61 95% CI 1.97-6.61), anemia, thrombocytosis, non-clear cell histology, and metastatic hepatic involvement. AUC 0.86 (95%CI 0.77-0.95). CONCLUSION: Although it would need external validation, the proposed nomogram could be an alternative to other previously described models. The NCCN FKSI 19 baseline score could replace the clinician's subjective determination of PS. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: Not applicable.

Strategies to Re-Sensitize Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer to Antiandrogen Therapy.

Since prostate cancer (PCa) was described as androgen-dependent, the androgen receptor (AR) has become the mainstay of its systemic treatment: androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Although, through recent years, more potent drugs have been incorporated, this chronic AR signaling inhibition inevitably led the tumor to an incurable phase of castration resistance. However, in the castration-resistant status, PCa cells remain highly dependent on the AR signaling axis, and proof of it is that many men with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) still respond to newer-generation AR signaling inhibitors (ARSis). Nevertheless, this response is limited in time, and soon, the tumor develops adaptive mechanisms that make it again nonresponsive to these treatments. For this reason, researchers are focused on searching for new alternatives to control these nonresponsive tumors, such as: (1) drugs with a different mechanism of action, (2) combination therapies to boost synergies, and (3) agents or strategies to resensitize tumors to previously addressed targets. Taking advantage of the wide variety of mechanisms that promote persistent or reactivated AR signaling in CRPC, many drugs explore this last interesting behavior. In this article, we will review those strategies and drugs that are able to resensitize cancer cells to previously used treatments through the use of "hinge" treatments with the objective of obtaining an oncological benefit. Some examples are: bipolar androgen therapy (BAT) and drugs such as indomethacin, niclosamide, lapatinib, panobinostat, clomipramine, metformin, and antisense oligonucleotides. All of them have shown, in addition to an inhibitory effect on PCa, the rewarding ability to overcome acquired resistance to antiandrogenic agents in CRPC, resensitizing the tumor cells to previously used ARSis.

Climacturia after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy / Climacturia tras prostatectomía radical laparoscópica asistida por robot

INTRODUCTION: Adverse effects in the sexual sphere are common in patients who have undergone radical prostatectomy (RP). Climacturia, involuntary loss of urine during orgasm, occurs in 20-40% of cases after PR. We analyse its prevalence and associated risk factors after Robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALRP). OBJECTIVES: We analyse the climacturia prevalence after robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALRP) and the association with other related factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective study of 100 patients underwent PRLAR from May 2011 to July 2014. After excluding patients who received radiotherapy after surgery (17), those who did not have sexual activity (7) and those with whom it could not be possible contacted (14), a structured telephone interview was conducted in 62 patients, investigating: presence and intensity of climacturia, orgasmic quality, incontinence and erectile dysfunction (ED). Other factors analysed included neurovascular preservation and rehabilitative treatment for ED. The statistical analysis consisted of Chi2test and logistic regression to evaluate associated factors. RESULTS: The mean age was 56 vs 59 years and the mean follow-up time was 26.6 vs 20.3 months, in the group with climacturia and without climacturia, respectively. The prevalence of climacturia was 17.9% (slight leaks-82% and severe leaks-18%). In 37% of these patients occurred in all orgasms. The quality of orgasm after surgery was worse in 47%, better in 13% and equal in 40%. The quality of the orgasm worsened more frequently in the climacturia group (63% vs 37%). The urinary incontinence rate was 41%, always effort incontinence. It was more frequent in patients with climacturia (62% vs 38%). In all patients with climacturia, bilateral neurovascular bundles preservation was performed. 32% of the patients had undergone post-surgical erectile rehabilitation with oral drugs. No statistically significant differences were found between patients with or without climacturia respect to the parameters analysed. CONCLUSIONS: Climacturia rate after PRLAR in our series was 17.9%. Patients with climacturia presented worse quality orgasms and a higher incontinence rate (p> 0.05). None of the analysed parameters could be defined as predictors of climacturia

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los efectos adversos en la esfera sexual son comunes en pacientes sometidos a prostatectomía radical (PR). La climaturia, pérdida involuntaria de orina durante el orgasmo, se presenta en un 20-40% de casos tras PR. Analizamos su prevalencia y asociación con otros factores relacionados tras prostatectomía radical laparoscópica asistida por robot (PRLAR). OBJETIVOS: Analizamos la prevalencia de climaturia tras PRLAR y su asociación con otros posibles factores riesgo relacionados. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo de 100 pacientes, sometidos a PRLAR desde mayo-2011 a julio-2014. Tras excluir a pacientes que recibieron radioterapia tras la cirugía (17), a los que no tenían actividad sexual (7) y aquellos con los que no se pudo contactar (14), se realizó entrevista telefónica estructurada a 62 pacientes, indagando sobre: presencia e intensidad de climaturia, calidad orgásmica, incontinencia y disfunción eréctil (DE). Otros factores analizados incluyeron la preservación neurovascular y el tratamiento rehabilitador para DE. El análisis estadístico consistió en prueba de Chi2 y regresión logística para evaluar factores asociados. RESULTADOS: La edad media fue 56 vs 59 años y el tiempo medio de seguimiento de 26,6 vs 20,3 meses, en el grupo con climaturia y sin climaturia respectivamente. La prevalencia de climaturia fue del 17.9% (pérdidas leves el 82% y severas el 18%). En el 37% de estos pacientes ocurrió en todos los orgasmos. La calidad del orgasmo tras cirugía fue peor en el 47%, mejor en el 13% e igual en el 40%. La calidad del orgasmo empeoró con más frecuencia en el grupo con climaturia (63% vs 37%). La tasa de incontinencia urinaria fue del 41%, siempre de esfuerzo. Fue más frecuente en pacientes con climaturia (62% vs 38%). El 68% de los pacientes usaba fármacos para DE. En todos los pacientes con climaturia se realizó preservación nerviosa bilateral. El 32% de los pacientes habían realizado rehabilitación eréctil postquirúrgica con fármacos orales. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre pacientes con o sin climaturia respecto a los parámetros analizados. CONCLUSIONES: La tasa de climaturia tras PRLAR en nuestra serie fue del 17,9%. Los pacientes con climaturia presentaron orgasmos de peor calidad y una tasa de incontinencia superior (p > 0,05). Ninguno de los parámetros analizados pudieron definirse como factores predictivos de climaturia

Climacturia after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.

INTRODUCTION: Adverse effects in the sexual sphere are common in patients who have undergone radical prostatectomy (RP). Climacturia, involuntary loss of urine during orgasm, occurs in 20-40% of cases after PR. We analyse its prevalence and associated risk factors after Robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALRP). OBJECTIVES: We analyse the climacturia prevalence after robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALRP) and the association with other related factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective study of 100 patients underwent PRLAR from May 2011 to July 2014. After excluding patients who received radiotherapy after surgery (17), those who did not have sexual activity (7) and those with whom it could not be possible contacted (14), a structured telephone interview was conducted in 62 patients, investigating: presence and intensity of climacturia, orgasmic quality, incontinence and erectile dysfunction (ED). Other factors analysed included neurovascular preservation and rehabilitative treatment for ED. The statistical analysis consisted of Chi2test and logistic regression to evaluate associated factors. RESULTS: The mean age was 56 vs 59 years and the mean follow-up time was 26.6 vs 20.3 months, in the group with climacturia and without climacturia, respectively. The prevalence of climacturia was 17.9% (slight leaks-82% and severe leaks-18%). In 37% of these patients occurred in all orgasms. The quality of orgasm after surgery was worse in 47%, better in 13% and equal in 40%. The quality of the orgasm worsened more frequently in the climacturia group (63% vs 37%). The urinary incontinence rate was 41%, always effort incontinence. It was more frequent in patients with climacturia (62% vs 38%). In all patients with climacturia, bilateral neurovascular bundles preservation was performed. 32% of the patients had undergone post-surgical erectile rehabilitation with oral drugs. No statistically significant differences were found between patients with or without climacturia respect to the parameters analysed. CONCLUSIONS: Climacturia rate after PRLAR in our series was 17.9%. Patients with climacturia presented worse quality orgasms and a higher incontinence rate (p> 0.05). None of the analysed parameters could be defined as predictors of climacturia.

Reconstrucción vésico-ureteral completa con íleon en un caso de tuberculosis genitourinaria / Complete vesico-ureteral reconstruction with ileum in a case of genitourinary tuberculosis

Introducción: La tuberculosis genitourinaria representa el 3,2% del total de las localizaciones posibles de la enfermedad. La ausencia de tratamiento o su manejo inadecuado, puede desencadenar complicaciones severas. Presentamos un caso clínico y realizamos una revisión bibliográfica de una paciente con tuberculosis genitourinaria que requirió una reconstrucción vésico ureteral completa. Caso clínico: Mujer de 39 años con antecedentes personales de tuberculosis pulmonar, que debuta con dolor lumbar y ureterohidronefrosis izquierda que precisa derivación urinaria percutánea con diagnóstico de tuberculosis en urocultivo. A los 18 meses del diagnóstico presentó una anulación renal derecha por la que se decidió nefrectomía derecha y estenosis ureteral distal izquierda en cuyo intento de corrección quirúrgica se produjo desinserción de uréter un cm por debajo de la unión pieloureteral que obligó a nefrostomía en raqueta definitiva. A todo ello se sumó en los meses siguientes, retracción progresiva vesical. Debido a la edad de la paciente y el deterioro de su calidad de vida se realizó una reconstrucción completa de la vía urinaria izquierda mediante una neovejiga y neoureter con ileon. Discusión y conclusiones: La reconstrucción de vejiga y uréter con íleon, es una buena opción en casos complejos en los que la vía urinaria está ausente o lesionada de forma irreversible. La reconstrucción vesicoureteral, permitiendo micción por uretra mejora sustancialmente la calidad de vida de estos pacientes (AU)

Introduction: Genitourinary tuberculosis represent 3,2% of the possible sites of the disease. The lack of treatment or an inadecuate one may lead to severe complications. We report a case and review thoroughly the literature of genitourinary tuberculosis which needed a complete vesico-ureteral reconstruction. Clinical case: A 39 year old female patient with history of pulmonary tuberculosis who had lumbar pain and left ureterohydronephosis. She required a percutaneous urinary derivation and was diagnosed of tuberculosis by means of the urine culture. 18 months afterwards she had a right renal annulation and a left distal ureteral stenosis. A right nephectomy was performed and the left proximal ureter was desinserted accidentally, 1 cm below the pielo-ureteral junction, which required a permanent nephostomy. Then her bladder became gradually retractile. Because she was a young patient and had bad quality of life a complete reconstruction of her left urinary way was performed with an ileum made neobladder and neoureter. Discussion and Conclussions: Bladder and ureter reconstruction with ileum is a good option in difficult cases of lack or irreversible damage of the urinary way. Vesico-ureteral reconstruction letting urethral miction improves quality of life (AU)

[Renal oncocytomatosis in a patient receiving hemodialysis]. / Oncocitosis renal de paciente en hemodialisis.

OBJECTIVE: Renal oncocytosis is a rare pathology. We report the first case published of a patient with this disease undergoing combined pancreas-kidney transplantation. METHODS: We report the case of one patient with end stage chronic renal failure receiving hemodialysis with the incidental diagnosis of two renal oncocytomas and microscopic oncocytomatosis in a routine revision while awaiting for renal transplantation. Right radical nephrectomy was performed with the pathologic diagnosis of renal oncocytomas. The patient underwent combined kidney-pancreas transplantation nine months later. RESULTS: The postoperative course was uneventful. After three years of follow-up the patient has not shown recurrence and the graft has normal function. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of the antecedent of end stage renal disease under treatment with hemodialysis in patients with renal oncocytomatosis is striking, but the causative relationship is not established. The treatment for renal oncocytosis and pathologic characteristics present will condition when will be possible the performance of a kidney transplant in these patients, and will also condition prognosis. Longterm follow-up is recommendable due to the possibility of metachronic or bilateral involvement, and the association between renal oncocytomatosis and renal cell carcinoma in up to 32% of the cases.

Oncocitosis renal de paciente en hemodialisis / Renal oncocytomatosis in a patient receiving hemodialysis

OBJETIVO: La oncocitosis renal es una patología infrecuente. Presentamos el primer caso publicado de paciente diagnosticado de esta patología y sometido posteriormente a trasplante combinado riñón-páncreas. MÉTODOS: Presentamos el caso de un paciente en el que, en una revisión rutinaria por Insuficiencia Renal Crónica Terminal (IRCT) y tratamiento con hemodiálisis, en espera de trasplante renal, se diagnostican de forma incidental dos oncocitomas renales y focos de oncocitomatosis microscópica. Se realiza nefrectomía radical derecha y tras el estudio anatomo-patológico, con masas dominantes caracterizadas como oncocitomas renales (OR), se sometió a trasplante combinado reno-pancreático nueve meses después. RESULTADOS: El postoperatorio cursa sin incidencias. Tras un seguimiento de tres años el paciente no ha mostrado recidiva de su patología oncocítica, y el injerto es normofuncionante. CONCLUSIONES: La presencia del antecedente de IRCT en tratamiento con hemodiálisis en los pacientes con oncocitomatosis renal es llamativa, no quedando establecida la causa de esta relación. El tratamiento al que se someta el paciente para la oncocitosis renal y las características anatomopatológicas presentes en el espectro de esta patología condicionarán cuando es posible la realización de un trasplante renal en este tipo de enfermos, y condicionará el pronóstico. Es aconsejable el seguimiento de los pacientes a largo plazo, dada la posibilidad de afectación metacrónica o bilateral, y la asociación entre oncocitomatosis renal (OCR) y carcinoma de células renales (CCR) hasta en un 32%

OBJECTIVE: Renal oncocytosis is a rare pathology. We report the first case published of a patient with this disease undergoing combined pancreas-kidney transplantation. METHODS: We report the case of one patient with end stage chronic renal failure receiving hemodialysis with the incidental diagnosis of two renal oncocytomas and microscopic oncocytomatosis in a routine revision while awaiting for renal transplantation. Right radical nephrectomy was performed with the pathologic diagnosis of renal oncocytomas. The patient underwent combined kidney-pancreas transplantation nine months later. RESULTS: The postoperative course was uneventful. After three years of follow-up the patient has not shown recurrence and the graft has normal function. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of the antecedent of end stage renal disease under treatment with hemodialysis in patients with renal oncocytomatosis is striking, but the causative relationship is not established. The treatment for renal oncocytosis and pathologic characteristics present will condition when will be possible the performance of a kidney transplant in these patients, and will also condition prognosis. Long-term follow-up is recommendable due to the possibility of metachronic or bilateral involvement, and the association between renal oncocytomatosis and renal cell carcinoma in up to 32% of the cases

[Glands necrosis caused by necrotizing granulomatous arteritis]. / Necrosis de glande por arteritis granulomatosa necrotizante.

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of necrosis of the glans penis caused by necrotizing granulomatous arteritis, an uncommon form of presentation of this vasculitis that basically affects the upper and lower respiratory tracts and glomerulus. Furthermore, it produces ocular inflammatory lesions and in 50% of the cases skin lesions. The mean age at presentation is around 40 years and affects both males and females in the same proportion. METHODS: A 68-year-old male consulted for pain and change in the color of the penis he had noted two months earlier, and gradually increasing difficulty in voiding. Patient examination revealed a hard necrotic lesion in the distal two thirds of the penis with secondary stenosis of the meatus. We review the literature on the different forms of presentation of this condition and the differential diagnosis of ischemic penile lesions. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: In patients with an ischemic lesion of the glans penis, we must consider among other causes iatrogenic lesions, use of constricting devices, gangrenous pyoderma and diseases of small vessels. According to the literature, penile involvement due to necrotizing granulomatous arteritis is uncommon.

Necrosis de glande por arteritis granulomatosa necrotizante / Necrosis of the penis due to necrotizing granulomatous arteritis

Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo es aportar un caso clínico sobre necrosis de glande causada por arteritis granulomatosa necrotizante, forma de presentación excepcional de esta vasculitis que afecta fundamentalmente a las vías respiratorias superiores e inferiores y al glomérulo. Además, produce lesiones inflamatorias oftálmicas y, en un 50 por ciento de los casos, cutáneas. La edad media de presentación se sitúa en torno a los 40 años y afecta en igual proporción a hombres y mujeres.Método: Se expone el caso clínico de un varón de 68 años que consulta por dolor y cambio de coloración del glande de dos meses de evolución, con dificultad miccional progresiva. A la exploración se objetivó lesión necrótica endurecida en los 2/3 distales del glande, con estenosis de meato secundaria. Se realiza una exhaustiva revisión de la bibliografía sobre las distintas formas de presentación de esta patología y el diagnóstico diferencial ante lesiones isquémicas peneanas. Resultado y conclusiones: Ante una lesión isquémica de glande hemos de plantearnos, entre otras causas, las yatrógenas, la autocolocación de mecanismos constrictores, un pioderma gangrenoso y enfermedades de pequeños vasos. Según la revisión realizada, la afectación del pene por una arteritis granulomatosa necrotizante resulta excepcional (AU)

Adenoma nefrogénico. Presentación de cuatro nuevos casos / Nephrogenic adenoma: report of four cases

OBJETIVOS: Presentación de cuatro nuevos casos de adenoma nefrogénico vesical. MÉTODO: Exposición de las historias clínicas de los casos diagnosticados en nuestro centro entre 1994 y 1999.RESULTADO: El adenoma nefrogénico es una rara lesión metaplásica benigna del tracto urinario, cuyo origen parece ser una respuesta a un estímulo irritativo crónico sobre el urotelio. Su lugar de asiento más frecuente es la vejiga urinaria y afecta principalmente a varones de edad media. Suele presentarse como un hallazgo histológico en el seguimiento o tratamiento de otras lesiones vesicales mediante RTU o cistectomía, siendo fundamental la biopsia para su diagnóstico. CONCLUSIÓN: El tratamiento de elección es la resección transuretral y, dada su tendencia a recidivar y a pesar de no haberse detectado casos de malignización, obliga a un seguimiento a largo plazo que suele realizarse con endoscopia y ecografía (AU)