Actividades profesionales confiables para residencias médicas: una revisión global / Entrustable professional activities for medical residency training programs: a global review

Introducción: Las actividades profesionales confiables (entrustable professional activities; EPA) se definen como unidades de práctica profesional que validan un nivel de autonomía adquirido de manera progresiva en conformidad con el desarrollo de habilidades demostradas por los estudiantes, lo que permite operacionalizar la evaluación holística de competencias. El objetivo de este artículo fue realizar una revisión global de este constructo para la formación en residencias médicas.Materiales y métodos.Se realizó una revisión panorámica del estado del arte de las EPA para programas de formación médica de posgrado según los artículos publicados en los últimos 10 años.Resultados.Se consideraron 330 artículos para la revisión, sólo el 2% en español enfocados en Latinoamérica. La mayoría coincide en la definición, la utilidad y los elementos claves de las EPA; sin embargo, difiere en las metodologías de su elaboración y evaluación, y en el impacto que generan en los centros formadores, estudiantes y docentes, cuya validez es más bien local y específica del lugar donde se construyen y utilizan.Conclusiones.El número de publicaciones sobre EPA es amplio y va en aumento. En Latinoamérica, el concepto ha entrado tímidamente, pero se reconoce como posible respuesta a la siempre compleja tarea de certificar que los graduados de los programas formativos han desarrollado las competencias necesarias para un correcto desempeño profesional. El mayor desafío parece ser la capacitación docente y la abultada demanda de tiempo asociada a la elaboración, la implementación y la evaluación de las EPA en programas de formación de posgrado de medicina. (AU)

Introduction: Entrustable professional activities (EPA) are defined as units of professional practice that validate a progressively acquired level of autonomy in accordance with the development of skills demonstrated by the students, allowing the holistic assessment of competencies to be operationalised. The objective of this article was to carry out a global review of this construct for the training in medical residencies.Materials and methods.A scoping review of the state of the art of EPA for postgraduate medical training programs was carried out according to the articles published in the last ten years.Results.330 articles were considered for the review, only 2% in Spanish and focused on Latin America. Most agree on the definition, usefulness, and key elements of EPA; however, they differ in the methodologies of their elaboration, evaluation and at the impact they generate in the training centres, trainee and trainers, whose validity is local and specific to the place where they are built and used.Conclusions.the number of publications on EPA is large and continues to increase. In Latin America, the concept has appeared timidly, still it is recognised as a possible response to the always complex task of certifying that the graduates of the training programs have developed the necessary competencies for correct professional performance. The greatest challenge seems to be teacher training and the large demand of time associated with the development, implementation and evaluation of EPA in postgraduate medical training programs. (AU)

Adaptive passivity-based control extended for unknown control direction.

This research extends the design of adaptive passivity-based controllers (APBC), proposing a normalized APBC (NAPBC) for nonlinear dynamical systems with a direction of control unknown. The plant also has an accessible single-input and a single-output, smooth behavior, linear explicit parametric dependence, and unknown parameters. The proposed method can handle unknown control direction through an alternate and more straightforward method than Nussbaum gains, having two fewer parameters. We present the stability proof of the controlled system. Besides, the proposed NAPBC expands the tuning method for normalized fixed gains or time-varying gains, reducing the trial and error procedure. Finally, we apply the proposed methodology step by step to a conical tank-scale pilot plant. Comparative experimental results show the proposed NAPBC has better indexes ISI, Ess, MO, IAE, and Ts.

Oferta, condiciones y asociatividad: aportes de una encuesta de hábitos deportivos a la planificación municipal / Oferta, condições e associatividade: contribuições de uma pesquisa de hábitos esportivos para o planejamento municipal / Offer, conditions, and associativity: contributions on a survey of sports habits to municipal planning

RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio fue describir la oferta deportiva y de actividad física, las condiciones para la práctica de la población y las características de la asociatividad deportiva, mediante la aplicación de una encuesta a los habitantes de una ciudad chilena, siendo los resultados un aporte investigativo en el contexto de la elaboración de un Plan Municipal de Actividad Física y de Deportes. Trabajo de tipo descriptivo, exploratorio y de corte transversal, en el cual se aplicó de forma presencial una encuesta estandarizada de tipo institucional. La muestra fue por conveniencia, pero representativa de los dos sectores encuestados de la ciudad, participando un total de 209 personas, hombres y mujeres que tenían 15 años y más. Para analizar los datos, se empleó la estadística descriptiva, utilizando la distribución de la frecuencia. Los resultados señalan que ha aumentado la percepción sobre el nivel de práctica de actividad física y el número de las instalaciones deportivas, pero aún son insuficientes. También se identifica un alto uso de los servicios deportivos municipales, siendo el fútbol la oferta deportiva más demandada. Acerca de los niveles de participación en organizaciones deportivas, estos han aumentado en relación con el promedio nacional, no obstante, representa un bajo porcentaje. Junto a ello, se observa una tendencia a la práctica deportiva preferentemente de tipo individual.

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi descrever a oferta de esporte e atividade física, as condições para a prática da população e as características da associatividade esportiva, através da aplicação de uma pesquisa aos habitantes de uma cidade chilena, sendo os resultados uma contribuição de pesquisa no contexto do desenvolvimento de um Plano Municipal de Atividade Física e Esporte. Este é um estudo descritivo, exploratório e transversal, no qual uma pesquisa institucional padronizada foi aplicada pessoalmente. A amostra foi por conveniência, mas representativa dos dois setores pesquisados da cidade, com um total de 209 pessoas participantes, homens e mulheres com 15 anos ou mais. Foram utilizadas estatísticas descritivas para analisar os dados, utilizando a distribuição de frequência. Os resultados mostram que a percepção do nível de atividade física e o número de instalações esportivas aumentaram, mas ainda são insuficientes. Também é identificada uma alta utilização dos serviços esportivos municipais, sendo o futebol a oferta esportiva mais demandada. Os níveis de participação em organizações esportivas aumentaram em relação à média nacional, mas ainda representam uma baixa porcentagem. Além disso, há uma tendência para que o esporte seja praticado principalmente por indivíduos.

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to describe the offer of sports and physical activity, the conditions for the practice of the population; and the characteristics of the sport association capacities, through a survey conducted among the inhabitants of a Chilean city, being the results a research contribution in the context of the elaboration of a Municipal Plan of Physical Activity and Sports. It is a descriptive, exploratory, and cross-sectional work, in which a standardized institutional in-person survey was applied. The sample was for convenience, but representative of the two sectors of the city surveyed, with a total of 209 people participating, men and women who were 15 years old and older. Descriptive statistics using frequency distribution was applied to analyze data. The results indicate that the perception about the level of physical activity practice and the number of sport facilities have increased, but they are still insufficient. A high use of municipal sports services has been also identified, with football being the most demanded sport offer. Regarding levels of participation in sport organizations, these have increased in relation to the national average; however, it still represents a low percentage. In addition, there is a tendency to practice sports preferably on an individual type.

Genome Sequence of Streptomyces olindensis DAUFPE 5622, Producer of the Antitumoral Anthracycline Cosmomycin D.

Streptomyces olindensis DAUFPE 5622, which was isolated from a Brazilian soil sample, produces the antitumor anthracycline cosmomycin D. The genome sequence is 9.4 Mb in length, with a G+C content of 71%. Thirty-four putative secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters were identified, including the cosmomycin D cluster.

The digastric muscle's anterior accessory belly: case report.

Digastric muscle is characterized by presenting occasional variations. The suprahyoid region of an 83 year-old male cadaver was dissected and an anatomic variation of the digastric muscle was observed in its anterior belly. It consisted of an accessory bilateral anterior belly originating in the intermediate tendon and inserted into the mylohyoid raphe. The implications of this variation are discussed from a diagnostic and functional perspective.

The digastric muscle’s anterior accessory belly: case report

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Digastric muscle is characterized by presenting occasional variations. The suprahyoid region of an 83 year-old male cadaver was dissected and an anatomic variation of the digastric muscle was observed in its anterior belly. It consisted of an accessory bilateral anterior belly originating in the intermediate tendon and inserted into the mylohyoid raphe. The implications of this variation are discussed from a diagnostic and functional perspective